SAP HANA stands for High Performance Analytical Appliance- in-memory computing engine. HANA is linked to ERP systems; Frontend modeling studio can be used for replication server management and load control.

Mention the two types of Relational Data stored in HANA?

The two types of relational data stored in HANA includes

Row Store
Column Store

Mention what is modeling studio?

Modeling studio in HANA performs multiple tasks like

Declares which tables are stored in HANA, first part is to get the meta-data and then schedule data replication jobs
Manage Data Services to enter the data from SAP Business Warehouse and other systems
Manage ERP instances connection, the current release does not support connecting to several ERP instances
Use data services for the modeling
Do modeling in HANA itself
essential licenses for SAP BO data services

Mention what are the different compression techniques?

There are three different compression techniques

Run-length encoding
Cluster encoding
Dictionary encoding

Explain what is transformation rules?

Transformation rule is the rule specified in the advanced replication setting transaction for the source table such that data is transformed during the replication process.

Mention what is the advantage of SLT replication?

SAP SLT works on trigger-based approach; such approach has no measurable performance impact in the source system
It offers filtering capability and transformation
It enables real-time data replication, replicating only related data into HANA from non-SAP and SAP source systems
It is fully integrated with HANA studios
Replication from several source systems to one HANA system is allowed, also from one source system to multiple HANA systems is allowed.

Which platforms SAP HANA supports?

SAP HANA supports various platforms:

Microsoft Windows Vista, 7, 8, Server 2008 (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows 7, 8, 10, Server 2008 / R2 (64-bit)
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 11 (64-bit)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 6 (64-bit)
Mac OS X Mavericks (10.9)

What do you understand from in-memory computing? What is its significance in SAP HANA?

In the in-memory computing, a huge amount of data as the information is stored in the Random-Access Memory (RAM) instead of external storage disks. This technology replaces the traditional way of storing data in disks and uses relational database management methods to fetch and process the data. In-memory computing technology is much cheaper and faster than the traditional database system.

Applications in SAP HANA are developed in close association with the database and there is close to no data movement involved from the database to the system. SAP HANA keeps a primary copy of the data ready in in-memory storage which results in data access and processing for ad-hoc reporting, analysis of data in real-time, and quick query response. Also, it reduces data complexity, data redundancy, data footprint, hardware and IT costs.

What are the main components of the SAP HANA environment?

The primary components of the SAP HANA environment are:

In-memory computing engine: This is a component residing within the Index Server. It has got several sub-components such as Planning Engine, Session Management, Disk Storage, Request Processing and Execution Control, Relational Engine, etc.

Database: This has raw data residing in the ERP database which is sent to the HANA database. Replication Agent (in ERP DB) and Replication Server (in the computing engine) provisions this data movement. This component provides log-based data provisioning.

SAP Business Objects BI 4: This component includes tools like SBO BI Information Designer tool, Data Services Designer, Data Services Server, and Data servers, etc. We use the components for job-based data provisioning. They design and implement a job on data and store the reports created in the form of a result. Therefore, it also acts as a repository.

SAP HANA Studio: This is a user interfacing platform which an Eclipse-based tool where we can manage, administer and manipulate data. We can work on several views like Attribute, Analytic, and Calculation.

Clients: These are miscellaneous reporting tools which we can connect to the computing engine by utilizing specific drivers. We can design and share reports by utilizing these tools and client applications.

What is the most important component in SAP HANA architecture?

The Index Server is the most important component of SAP HANA architecture. It has the data storage (having the actual data) component and a processing engine. Queries in different languages like SQL and MDX are received in the index server. These queries are processed by different components and servers within the index server.

Name the components of an index server.

There are six main components of an index server:

Relational data engine
Connection and Session manager
Authorization manager
Planning engine
Calc engine
Persistence layer

What is sizing in SAP HANA?

Sizing in SAP HANA refers to determining the hardware requirements for specific SAP HANA installation requirements. Hardware components important for sizing point of view are CPU, memory (RAM) and hard disk. The most crucial task in sizing is to estimate the size of the server best suited for the business user’s requirements.

In SAP HANA, we can perform sizing in three ways:

Using Quick Sizer tool
Using DB script
Using ABAP report

What all administrative operations can we achieve from the Administration Console?

A number of administrative tasks can be performed in the SAP HANA Studio such as; regulating (start/stop) services, monitoring the system, audit policy, and security configuration, user management and authorization, backup and recovery, memory management, license management, alerts and messages, etc.

All of these tasks can be performed from different tabs present in the administration console of SAP HANA Studio such as:

Overview (monitor and general management)
Alerts (position and view the details of the alerts)
Performance (evaluates the performance of the system for the activities happening in the database)
System Information (access system information files and queries)
Landscape (check of all running services)
Volumes (details of the logs and data volumes)
Trace Configuration (includes the traces set up information)
Configuration (includes the information on system configuration files)
Diagnosis Files (includes the system log files)

What are the three types of information views?

The three types of information views are:

Attribute view

Attribute view uses attributes, or the non-measurable, non-quantifiable data to design views and models according to the business logic. Thus, the data used in attribute view is referred to as ‘Master data’ as it is used as reference information in other views (analytic and calculation). The tables in attribute view do not contain any facts or measure.

Analytic view

In an analytic view, we can create star schemas, having a central transaction or fact table and multiple dimension tables linked to it via primary keys. The measures are contained only in the central transaction table which can be grouped or joined with multiple dimension tables.

Calculation view

Calculation view is an advanced model which uses both attribute and analytic view elements in it to make a complex data model following complex business logic.

It gives us the freedom to combine and create from a range of options like tables, column views, analytic views, attribute view, etc. It enables us to do multidimensional reporting using measures and dimensions from different sources.

Explain How Sql Statement Is Processed?

In the HANA database, each SQL statement is implemented in the reference of the transaction. New session is allotted to a new transaction.

How to Perform Backup and Recovery Operations?

During a regular operation, data is by default stored to the disk at savepoints in SAPHANA. As soon a there is any update and transaction, logs become active and get saved from the disk memory. In case of power failure, the database restarts like any other DB returning to the last savepoint log state. SAP HANA requires backup to protect against disk failure and reset DB to the previous state. The backups simultaneously as the users keep performing their tasks.

Explain the Concept of Persistence Layer.?

The persistence layer in SAP HANA handles all logging operations and transactions for secured backup and data restoring. This layer manages data stored in both rows and columns and provides steady savepoints. Built on the concept of persistence layer of SAP’s relational database, it ensures successful data restores.
Besides managing log data on the disk, HANA’s persistence layer allows read and write data operations via all storage interfaces.

Explain What Is Schema Mapping In Sap Hana?

Schema mapping is done when the physical schema in the target system is not the same as the physical schema in the source system. As mentioned earlier, suppose we are moving components from Development System (DEV) to Production System (PROD).

The tables in DEV reside in DEV_SCHEMA and the same tables reside in PROD system in PROD_SCHEMA schema. If an attribute view is transported from DEV to PROD, it will not work because the schema name is referenced in the definition of attribute view. In order for the promoted objects to work in PROD, schema mapping needs to be set up in the target system.

What Is a Delivery Unit in Sap Hana?

Delivery unit (DU) is a container used by the Life Cycle Manager (LCM) to transport repository objects between the SAP HANA systems.

The name of Delivery Unit must contain only capital letters (A-Z), digits (0-9) and underscores (_).

Why to Configure Import Server in Sap Hana?

In order to load data from external sources to SAP HANA we need to establish a connection with the server. To connect, we need to provide details of Business Objects Data Services repository and ODBC drivers. Once the connection is established, we can import the tables definition and then load data into table definition.

What Is the Difference Between Catalog and Content Tab?

Catalog: This contains RDBMS objects like schemas, tables, views, procedures, etc.

you can open SQL editor and design database objects.

Content tab: This is used to maintain design time repository. You can create new packages and design Information views in HANA system. Various views can be created under content tab to meet business requirement and to perform analytical reports on the top of the Modeling views.

What Are the Advantages of Attribute View?

Attribute View act as Master data context, which provides Text or Description for Key/Non-key field.
Attribute View can be reuse in Analytic View and Calculation View.
Attributes View is used to select a subset of columns and rows from a database table.
Attributes (fields) can be calculated from multiple table fields.
There is no measure and aggregation option.

What Is Calculation View with Star Join?

Calculation View with Star Join:

It does not allow base column tables, Attribute Views or Analytic views to add at data foundation.
All Dimension tables must be changed to Dimension Calculation views to use in Star Join.
All Fact tables can be added and can use default nodes in Calculation View.

Which Engine Is Used to Create Analytic View?

This engine will be called in the backend whenever we run any queries on Analytic Views in SAP HANA.
If there are no additional calculations performed like calculated columns, restricted measures and counters, then everything will be processed in OLAP Engine.
OLAP Engine acts as join engine for those Attribute Views used in Analytic Views, without any calculated columns
All the join engine work will be converted into ‘BwPopJoin’ which is part of OLAP Engine.
If there are any calculations present, to be performed then Calculation engine will be used along with OLAP Engine.

What Exactly Is the Significance of Persistence Layer in Sap Hana?

It is actually an important later in SAP HANA which plays a very important role. Actually, HANA has a computing engine built inside and the users have to utilize the data directly without taking any backup. The same can create an issue during powerful failure and thus it is necessary to keep a backup of the same. This layer comes as a savior and it make sure no loss of data during such a situation.

What Are the Benefits That Sql Can Bring for You?

If the queries in the SQL are simple, the users are free to retrieve a very large sum of data very easily from the system. Another good thing about SQL is it is very easy to learn and implement. There is a vast support available for SQL and all the queries can be addressed reliably. Using SQL, the database can be managed very easily and in fact without considering a large amount of coding

What Is the Best Way to Manage, Operate, And Monitor Sap Hana Systems?

Sap Hana is a young database with interesting features of SAP HANA. First of all Sap Hana is an in-memory database. It is accessible for administration via various channels. Directly from the Server, It is not the most convenient method but you can use hdbsql to manage databases. With the web-based interface Hana cockpit, you can browse and manage sap hana environments. The Client Hana Studio is the complete tool to administer Sap Hana but it has to be physically installed and therefore is dependent on the client hardware.

What are the types of Relational Data stored in HANA?

There are two types of relational data stored in HANA. They are:

Row Store
Column Store

Mention the different compression techniques in SAP HANA?

There are three different compression techniques in SAP HANA and they are:

Run-length encoding.
Cluster encoding.
Dictionary encoding.

What do you mean by latency?

Latency is the length of time required to replicate data from the original system to the new system i.e., from the source system to the targeted system.

Explain how the SQL statement is processed?

In the HANA database, each SQL statement is basically implemented in the reference of the transaction. Therefore, in the further process, the new session is allotted to a new transaction.

What is the reason for going In-memory?

One reason is the number of CPU cycles per second is increasing and the cost of processors is decreasing. For managing the data in memory, there is five-minute rule which is based on the suggestion that it costs more to wait for the data to be fetched from disk than it costs to keep data in memory so it depends on how often you fetch the data.

For example, there is a table and no matter how large it is and this table is touched by a query at least once every 55 minutes, it is less expensive (in hardware costs) to keep it in memory than to read it from memory and if it is frequently accessed it is less expensive to store it in memory.

Is it possible to join tables of row-based with column-based tables?

Yes

Are column-based tables always the better choice than row-based tables?

No. There are also situations in which row-based tables are advantageous.

Why materialized aggregates are not required?

With a scanning speed of several gigabytes per millisecond, in-memory column stores, make it possible to calculate aggregates on large amounts of data on the fly with high performance. This is expected to eliminate the need for materialized aggregates in many cases.

What is parallelization?

Column-based storage makes it easy to execute operations in parallel using multiple processor cores. In a column store data is already vertically partitioned means that operations on different columns can easily be processed in parallel. If multiple columns need to be searched or aggregated, each of these operations can be assigned to a different processor core. In addition, operations on one column can be parallelized by partitioning the column into multiple sections that can be processed by different processor cores (core 3 and 4 below).

Is it possible to load and replicate data from one source system to multiple target database schemas of HANA system?

Yes. It is possible for up to 4.

If you set the parameter “data transfer jobs” to 04 in a configuration “SCHEMA1”, a mass transfer ID 001 is assigned. Then what jobs should be in the system?

1 Master job (IUUC_MONITOR_SCHEMA1)

1 Master Controller job (IUUC_REPL_CNTR_001_0001)

At most 4 parallel jobs for MT_ID 001 (DTL_MT_DATA_LOAD_001_ 01/~02/~03/~04)

Performance: If lots of tables are selected for load / replication at the same time, it may happen that there are not enough background jobs available to start the load procedure for all tables immediately. In this case you can increase the number of initial load jobs, otherwise tables will be handled sequentially.

For tables with large volume of data, you can use the transaction “Advanced Replication Settings (IUUC_REPL_CONT)” to further optimize the load and replication procedure for dedicated tables.

What happens if the replication is suspended for a long period of time or system outage of SLT or HANA system?

The size of the logging tables increases.

Maximum number of tables in a schema?

131072

What can be the maximum table name length?

127 characters

What can be the maximum number of columns in a view?

1000

What can be the maximum number of partitions of a column table?

1000

What can be the maximum number of rows in each table?

Limited by storage size RS: 1TB/sizeof(row)

CS: 2^31 * number of partitions

In which table you can get the current system limits?

M_SYSTEM_LIMITS

Maximum number of jobs you can view the information in the Current tab of Job log?

What is CE plan operator? What are the different categories?

CE plan operator does the data transformation functionality internally and used in definition of functions. It is an alternate to using SQL statements.

Data Source Access operators that bind a column table or a column view to a table variable. (CE_COLUMN_TABLE, CE_JOIN_VIEW, CE_OLAP_VIEW, CE_CALC_VIEW)

Relational operators that allow a user to bypass the SQL processor during evaluation and directly executed in the calculation engine.

(CE_JOIN, CE_LEFT_OUTER_JOIN, CE_RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN, CE_PROJECTION, CE_CALC, CE_AGGREGATION, CE_UNION_ALL)

Special extensions implement, e.g., crucial business functions inside the database kernel.

(CE_VERTICAL_UNION, CE_CONVERSION)

What is CE_OLAP_VIEW operator?

It returns results for an existing OLAP view (also known as Analytical view). It takes the name of OLAP view and an optional list of key figures and dimensions as parameters. The OLAP view is grouped by dimensions and the key figures are aggregated using the default aggregation of the OLAP view.

Example:

out = CE_OLAP_VIEW (“OLAP_view”,[“Dim1”, “kf”]);

Is equivalent to

out = SELECT dim1, SUM(kf) FROM OLAP_view GROUP BY dim1;

What is Repository?

The HANA Repository is storage system for development objects and is built into SAP HANA.

The repository supports Version control, Transport, and Sharing of objects between multiple developers. We can add objects to the repository, update the objects, publish the objects, and compile these objects into runtime objects.

Tell something you know about Normalization and De-Normalization?

Normalization is nothing but the process that is adopted for the purpose or removing the redundant data from the database. This is generally done by splitting the table into different sections. This actually makes sure of integrity. On the other side, the de-normalization is the process of considering the redundant data so that all the queries which are complex can be enhanced in terms of overall performance.

Organizations have to spend a very large amount of money every year on database management, are you agree with this?

Yes, this is totally right. However, it largely depends on the way a users is handling this approach. Basically, data management is a complex approach and there are a lot of tasks which are actually very critical. Managing the database without an effective tool is a big challenge. If an organization can consider a powerful tool like SAP HANA, a lot of tasks can be made simply and a ton of favorable outcomes can be derived simply.

SAP Hana Deployment Options

Private Cloud, Managed Service	Public Cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service	Public Cloud, Pay-as-you-go
Reliable hosting environment	Fast time to value	Hourly pay-as-you-go rate
Managed services approach	No hardware investment	Single database instance
Increased flexibility and low TCO	Flexible scalability	Run custom applications only

Why there is actually a need for the businesses to invest in a RDBMS tool in the present time?

Managing the data is very important. In the present time, data plays an excellent role in the success of almost every business. Data helps in decision making, collaborations, start new ventures, tackling competition, improving quality and so on. There are a large number of other reasons as well that are mandatory for the business to get it done in a right manner. Thus management of data is important.

Name the two types of relational data which you can store in SAP HANA?

It is possible for the users to store following two types of Data in the system

Column Store
2. Row Store

There is not much difference between both and the users are free to consider the ones as per their need or the requirement.

Tell anyone advantage that SLT replication offer

There are a lot of HANA studios and the SLT Replication can easily be integrated with almost all of them.

Can you name some important components of SAP HANA?

SAP HANA Appliance, Database, Application Control and Studio,

What exactly do you mean by the term Latency in database management? What can affect the same?

It is nothing but the total time taken for replication from source to target system. Latency depends largely on the size of the data.

Do you have any idea about the transformation rules?

These are basically the rules which are responsible for managing the source table. All the tasks that are performed on the table depend largely on these set of rules and regulations. A few of these rules are also applicable while handing some replication processes.

Can you tell something about the role of Transaction manager and Session in SAP HANA?

All the database transactions can be coordinated simply with the transaction manager and the users are free to keep a close eye on the closed as well as on the running transactions. The transactions are notified to the users when they are rolled backed or when they are committed. This makes sure of the smooth running of the storage engines.

Do you know something about the Data dependence and its types?

It is nothing but actually the ability to change the related schema definition at a level in such a manner that all future levels don’t have an impact on the same.

Tell the procedure of how SQL statement is processed?

The statement is implemented with a reference of the concerned transaction. Each transaction need user to begin with a new session. This can sometime consume time but it is beneficial in the long run.

What exactly data redundancy is?

Data redundancy means duplicate data in the system. It adds unnecessary cost by grabbing the additional cost and can be the reason of slow operations of the database.

What is functional Dependency in database?

It is a situation when one attribute defines another and is not under the similar control

Why DML compiler is significant according to you in a database management system?

The DML compiler is the one which is responsible for translations of DML statements into a language which is easy to understand by the Query Evaluation engine. It simply makes sure of no occurrence of errors in the database management.

What are the benefits that SQL can bring for you?

What exactly is the significance of Persistence Layer in SAP HANA?

If I can run NetWeaver BW on IMDB/HANA, why can’t I run the Business Suite/ERP 6.0?

Just on the grounds that it’s not developed enough yet to bolster business basic applications. From an innovation viewpoint, it is as of now conceivable to maintain the Business Suite on IMDB and SAP has trialed moving some vast databases into IMDB as of now.

Explain Sap Hana Studio’s Data provisioning?

Go to SAP HANA Modeler Perspective → Data Provisioning.

What is the Operating system requirement for SAP HANA?

SUSE Linux enterprise Server

What are the advantages of SAP HANA?

Following points are advantages of SAP HANA:

SAP HANA helps users to make decision-making capability and real-time analysis. It enables the user to process a huge amount of information while the business is going on. Thus it proves that it gives real-time inputs to the user.
The in-memory database tech allows the user to analyze and explore the transaction and process the data in real-time.
SAP HANA grants the user to store and process the data in rows and columns in the database. So, SAP HANA proves that operation can be parallelly processed which escalates the operation speed.
Users who are using the traditional database can utilize one transactional process at a time. But in SAP HANA, users can use the in-memory database to utilize various databases for analytical (OLAP) and transactional (OLTP) inquiries at a time.
Users can fetch information from different external sources due to the source-agnostic capabilities of SAP HANA.
In SAP HANA, without interrupting any business operations, users can implement aggregation and data integration.

Which platform SAP HANA supports?

SAP HANA supports the following platforms:

Microsoft Windows Vista, 7, 8, Server 2008 (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows 7, 8, 10, Server 2008 / R2 (64-bit)
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 11 (64-bit)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 6 (64-bit)
Mac OS X Mavericks (10.9)

Explain in-memory computing and its significance in SAP HANA?

In the in-memory processing, an immense measure of information as the data is put away in the Random-Access Memory (RAM) rather than outside capacity plates. This innovation replaces the conventional method of putting away information in plates and uses social information base administration strategies to bring and deal with the information. In-memory processing innovation is a lot less expensive and quicker than the conventional information-based framework.

Applications in SAP HANA are created in close relationship with the information base and there is near no information development required from the data set to the framework. SAP HANA keeps an essential duplicate of the information prepared in-memory stockpiling which brings about information access and handling for specially appointed announcing investigation of information progressively, and snappy question reaction. Likewise, it lessens information intricacy, information repetition, information impression, equipment and IT costs.

Explain the replication server?

The replication server is liable for managing the replication of metadata and table data from various data sources.

Explain about the persistence layer?

The persistence layer is basically responsible for handling information reinforcements intermittently and putting away it for all time. This is known as “Savepoints” and naturally, the savepoint recurrence in every 5 seconds. The information is stored in data volumes and log volumes.

List out the components of an Index Server?

Following six components in Index Server:

Relational data engine
Connection and Session manager
Authorization manager
Planning engine
Calc engine
Persistence layer

What are the two types of relational data stored in SAP HANA?

There are two types of relational data stored in SAP HANA:

Column Store
Row Store

Explain about a modeling studio in SAP HANA?

Modeling studio performs multiple tasks in SAP HANA. Following are the multiple tasks that are performed in SAP HANA:

Announces which tables are stored in HANA, the initial segment is to get the meta-information and afterward plan information replication jobs.
Maintaining the Data Services to enter the information from SAP Business Warehouse and different frameworks
Maintains the ERP instances association, the current delivery doesn’t uphold interfacing with a few ERP occasions
Use information administrations for the demonstrating
Do displaying in HANA itself
Basic licenses for SAP BO data administrations

How to avoid unnecessary data from being stored in the SAP HANA database?

To avoid storing unnecessary data in the SAP HANA database, users need to pause the replication by killing the schema related jobs in HANA.

Explain the role of a master controller job in SAP HANA?

The job is arranged on insistence and it is responsible for the following tasks:

Creating the logging table and triggers the database into the source system.
Developing synonyms
Updating the new entries in the admin table in the SLT server when a table is loaded.

What will happen if the replication is suspended for a long time in the SAP HANA system?

The logging tables increase when replication is suspended for a long time in the SAP HANA system.

What is the role of the transaction manager and session in the SAP HANA system?

The transaction chief coordinates database exchanges and tracks running and shut transactions. At the point when the exchange is moved back or submitted, the exchange director advises the included stockpiling motors about the function so they can run vital activities.

What is the use of different folders when you add a HANA System to the Studio?

Reinforcement − It is utilized to perform for reinforcement and recuperation in the SAP HANA framework. You can check reinforcement setup subtleties, run manual reinforcement, to check the last effective back performed, and so on for information and log reinforcement.

Index − This contains RDBMS objects like patterns, tables, sees, methodology, and so on You can open SQL manager and plan information base articles

Content − This is utilized to keep up the configuration time archive. You can make new bundles and plan Information sees in the HANA framework. Different perspectives can be made under substance tab to meet the business necessity and to perform systematic reports on the highest point of the Modelling sees.

Provisioning − This is utilized for Smart information admittance to associate with different data sets like HADOOP, TERADATA and SYBASE

Security − This is utilized to characterize clients and to allocate jobs. You can characterize different benefits on various clients utilizing the Security tab. You can dole out Database and Package benefits to various clients to control the information access.

What is meant by SAP HANA Cockpit?

SAP HANA cockpit is a SAP Fiori Launchpad web page that permits you with a solitary purpose-of-admittance to a scope of Web-based applications for the online organization of SAP HANA. You access the SAP HANA cockpit through a Web program.

To open SAP HANA Cockpit → Right click on HANA system in Studio → configuration and monitoring → open SAP HANA cockpit

Differentiate between Content tab and Catalog?

The catalog consists of RDBMS objects like views, tables, procedures, schemas, procedures, etc, and also a user can open design database objects and SQL editor.

Content is used to maintain the design-time repository and also you can create new design data views and new packages in the HANA system. Different perspectives can be made under substance tab to meet the business necessity and to perform investigative reports on the highest point of the modeling views.

What is the use of semantics, data foundation, star join in SAP HANA system?

Semantics is defined as a user parameter and to define dimensions and measures.

Star Join is used to add other types of views.

The Data Foundation is used to add column base tables.

What are the default nodes that are available in semantic layers?

Following are the default nodes that are available in the semantic layer:

Project
Rank
Aggregation
Union
join

What are the different modes in data provision in HANA Studio?

Following are the various modes in data provision in HANA Studio:

Resume
Load
Replicate
suspend

Explain about SAP HANA system monitor?

Utilizing the framework screen in SAP HANA Studio, we can oversee and screen the framework’s well-being and accessibility of SAP HANA segments. Additionally, utilizing the framework screen, we can get to the framework’s subtleties and setups and the administrations offered by various SAP HANA parts.

We can screen a few perspectives through the SAP HANA framework screen, for example, the alarms, plate space, log circles, follow the circle, information plate, memory, execution, volume, and so forth In this way, it is advantageous to oversee singular viewpoints, errands, and segments.

Explain about all administrative operations that can we achieve from the administrative console?

Various authoritative tasks can be acted in the SAP HANA Studio, for example, controlling (start/stop) administrations, observing the framework, review strategy, and security design, client the board and approval, reinforcement and recuperation, memory the executives, permit the board, alarms and messages, and so on

Following tasks can be performed from different tabs present in the administration console of SAP HANA Studio:

Alerts (position and view the details of the alerts)
System Information (access system information files and queries)
Volumes (details of the logs and data volumes)
Configuration (includes the information on system configuration files)
Trace Configuration (includes the traces set up information)
Diagnosis Files (includes the system log files)
Landscape (check of all running services)
Performance (evaluates the performance of the system for the activities happening in the database)
Overview (monitor and general management)

Explain about three types of information views?

Following are three types of information views:

Attribute View: It utilizes credits or the non-quantifiable, non-quantifiable information to configuration perspectives and models as per the business rationale. In this way, the information utilized in quality view is alluded to as ‘Ace information’ as it is utilized as reference data from different perspectives (expository and figuring). The tables in the trait see don’t contain any realities or measure.
Analytical view: We can make star compositions, having a focal exchange or truth table, and various measurement tables connected to it through essential keys. The measures are contained uniquely in the focal exchange table which can be assembled or gotten together with various measurement tables.
Calculation view: It is a serious model that utilizes both quality and investigative view components in it to make a mind-boggling information model after complex business rationale.

It gives us the opportunity to join and make from a scope of alternatives like tables, section sees, investigative perspectives, trait see, and so forth It empowers us to do multidimensional revealing utilizing measures and measurements from various sources.

How to create a table in SAP HANA System?

There are two different ways of making tables in SAP HANA. One strategy is a Command-line technique, where we utilize the SQL comfort to compose SQL content and make a table. The subsequent strategy is a GUI based technique where we utilize a graphical interface to make a table.

Explain about different connecting drivers that are used by SAP HANA reporting tools?

Following are various connecting drivers that are used by SAP HANA reporting tool:

ODBO (OLE DB for OLAP): The ODBO driver is a driver by Microsoft for interfacing MS Excel to the SAP HANA information base. This driver is explicitly for multi-dimensional announcing (multi-dimensional information stores) and it imparts through MDX language.

ODBC: ODBC represents Open DataBase Connectivity. The ODBC driver is for setting up social information base associations between detailing instruments and SAP HANA information base. Announcing instruments like CR Report and Universe layer (IDE) use an ODBC driver that conveys through SQL.

JDBC: JDBC driver is a Java-based association administration. We likewise use it for social revealing by announcing apparatuses like Explorer, UNX utilizing IDT, CR Report. JDBC drivers speak with the information base through SQL inquiries. JDBC represents Java DataBase Connectivity.

BICS: The BICS driver is SAP legitimacy associating driver. Detailing instruments that utilization SQL DB language as the association language with SAP information base uses BICS driver.

How SQL statements are processed in SAP HANA System?

In the HANA information base, each SQL proclamation is essentially actualized in the reference of the exchange. In this manner in the further cycle, the new meeting is apportioned to another exchange.

Explain about different editions of SAP HANA?

Following are various editions of SAP HANA:

SAP HANA Platform Edition: This stage gives the Core information base innovation. There is an Integration of SAP segment including SAP HANA information base, SAP HANA Studio, and SAP HANA customers. It is for clients who as of now have a permit for SAP business objects Data administration and when they need to utilize ETL-based replication.

SAP HANA Enterprise Edition: This version contains information provisioning (SLT, BODS, DXC) part including center information base innovation. It is just for clients who need to utilize trigger-based replication or ETL-based replication and doesn’t have the whole essential permit needed for SAP Business Objects Data Services.

SAP HANA Extended Edition: This all-inclusive version contains information provisioning the highlights more than some other Platform and Enterprises release. It is the ideal decision for the clients who need to utilize the maximum capacity of all accessible replication situations, even the log-based replication.

What is the part of the transaction administrator and session?

The exchange chief co-ordinates database exchanges and keeps a record of running and shut transactions. When the exchange is moved back or submitted, the exchange supervisor informs the included stockpiling motors about the occasion so they can run essential activities.

Define Stall?

Waiting for data to be loaded from the main memory into the CPU cache is called Stall.

Describe SAP HANA Database Architecture in brief?

The SAP HANA database is developed in C++ and runs on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. IT consists of multiple servers and the most important component is the Index Server. It consists of Index Server, Name Server, Statistics Server, Pre-processor Server, and XS Engine.

Index Server

Persistence Layer

The database persistence layer is responsible for the durability and atomicity of transactions. It ensures that the database can be restored to the most recent committed state after a restart and that transactions are either completely executed or completely undone.

Pre-processor Server

The index server uses the preprocessor server for analyzing text data and extracting the information on which the text search capabilities are based.

Name Server

It owns the information about the topology of the SAP HANA system. In a distributed system, it knows where the components are running and which data is located on which server.

Statistic Server

The statistics server collects information about status, performance, and resource consumption from the other servers in the system. The statistics server also provides a history of measurement data for further analysis.

Session and Transaction Manager

The Transaction manager coordinates database transactions, and keeps track of running and closed transactions. When a transaction is committed or rolled back, the transaction manager informs the involved storage engines about this event so they can execute necessary actions.

XS Engine

XS Engine is an optional component. Using XS Engine clients can connect to the SAP HANA database to fetch data via HTTP.

Mention what is the role of the persistence layer in SAP HANA?

SAP HANA has an in-memory computing engine and access the data straightaway without any backup. To avoid the risk of losing data in case of hardware failure or power cutoff, persistence layer comes as a savior and stores all the data in the hard drive which is not volatile.

Mention what is latency?

Latency is referred to the length of time to replicate data from the source system to the target system.

Explain how you can avoid un-necessary information from being stored?

To avoid un-necessary information from being stored, you have to pause the replication by stopping the schema-related jobs

Mention what is the role of master controller job in SAP HANA?

The job is arranged on demand and is responsible for

Creating database triggers and logging table into the source system
Creating Synonyms
Writing new entries in admin tables in SLT server when a table is replicated/loaded

Explain what happens if the replication is suspended for a longer period of time or system outage of SLT or HANA system?

If the replication is suspended for a longer period of time, the size of the logging tables increases.

Mention what is the role of the transaction manager and session?

The transaction manager co-ordinates database transactions and keeps a record of running and closed transactions. When transaction is rolled back or committed, the transaction manager notifies the involved storage engines about the event so they can run necessary actions.

Explain how you can avoid un-necessary logging information from being stored?

You can avoid un-necessary logging information from being stored by pausing the replication by stopping the schema-related jobs.

What are the components comprising SAP HANA technology?

SAP HANA is a technology that is a collection of different tools and technologies that work in tandem to bring it in existence. There are four technologies which collectively make SAPA HANA:

SAP HANA DB: It is the core in-memory database which is central to the functioning of SAP HANA.
SAP HANA Studio: It has the modeling tools for data handling and management.
SAP HANA Appliance: It is the Vendor hardware in which we install SAP HANA software.
SAP HANA Application Cloud: It is the cloud-based infrastructure ensuring the functioning of appliances.

What is the function of a Replication server?

The replication server is responsible for managing the replication of table data as well as metadata from the data source.

What is a persistence layer?

The persistence layer is mainly responsible for processing data backups periodically and storing it permanently. This is known as “Savepoints” and by default, the savepoint frequency is in every 5 minutes. The data stores as log volumes and data volumes.

What are the architectural components of SAP HANA?

The SAP HANA system consists of different components which together makes its system architecture.

Index server: The Index Server is the main server in SAP HANA. It has the data storage and processing engine. Queries in different languages like SQL and MDX are received in the index server. Then, the queries are processed by different components and servers within it. Index server also manages the transactions and authentications. It also has a component that manages transaction logs and selectively stores data.

In addition, the index server is further divided into smaller components like relational data engine, session manager, authorization management, planning engine, calc engine, and persistence layer.

Name server: Name server maintains the information of the topology or landscape of SAP HANA system environment. It contains information related to the name and location of the HANA components. This server manages and monitors the topology of all the distributed servers or nodes. It increases the processing time by decreasing the re-indexing process as it keeps the information on what data stores in which server.

Pre-processor server: Pre-processor server is a text analyzing server which processes textual data. The service provided by this component is used during text search. Whenever a request initiates, this server processes textual data and provides it to the user.

SAP HANA Studio Repository: The repository stores information related to the newly released updates. We can update the old version to the latest ones with the help of this.

XS Engine: It facilitates communication between the external applications (Java and HTML based) and SAP HANA system via HTTP/HTTPS in a web browser. The XS Engine converts the system’s state from the persistence model stored in the database into the consumption model for clients.

What are row and column storage in SAP HANA?

Data in the SAP HANA database stores in two ways;

Row storage
Column storage.

Row storage is the method of storing data in a horizontal fashion. It is similar to how data is stored traditionally in disk databases. However, there is one main difference between the SAP HANA row storage and traditional row storage. That is, in SAP HANA, data is stored in rows in the main memory and in traditional databases, data is stored in rows in the disk storage.

Column storage method stores data in a columnar fashion (linear/ vertical). Data is compressed efficiently in column stores. It improves SAP HANA’s performance by optimizing both the read and write operations on data. Data is stored in the column storage area which is divided into two sections; Main storage and Delta Storage.

What are the different perspectives in SAP HANA Studio?

The SAP HANA Studio contains different perspectives which we can choose to work on. Some commonly used perspectives are:

SAP HANA Administration Console
SAP HANA Modeler
Application Development
Lifecycle Management
SAP HANA Development
ABAP
BW Modeling

What is SAP HANA System Monitor?

Using the system monitor in SAP HANA Studio, we can administer and monitor the system’s health and availability of SAP HANA components. Also, using the system monitor, we can access the system’s details and configurations and the services offered by different SAP HANA components.

We can monitor several aspects through the SAP HANA system monitor such as the alerts, disk space, log disks, trace disk, data disk, memory, performance, volume, etc. Thus, it is convenient to manage individual aspects, tasks, and components.

What is SAP HANA Information Modeler?

Information Modeler lets us design information views or models on top of SAP HANA database using tables in it. Such models are created to serve a business logic and operation. They are generated directly on top of the HANA database layer. The information modeler provides the interface and tools to select attributes and measures from the database tables so that the user can create multiple information views using the physical tables of transactional data stored in the databases. The information views are a logical representation of the data which can be further published or consumed for analytical purposes. Information modeling implements on the SAP HANA Modeler perspective of SAP HANA Studio.

What is the difference between Information Modeler and Information Composer?

The two differ from each other based on target users. SAP HANA Information Modeler is for technical users with extensive data modeling requirements and technical knowledge. They can perform a range of advanced operations related to modeling such as creating attribute views, analytic views, calculation views, processing models, data management and administration, data loading and import/export tables.

Whereas, information composer is made for non-technical users who are not IT and data science experts (with no database or modeling knowledge). The information composer is so designed that it aids non-technical users with user-friendly interface, animations, hints, and suggestions for modeling and reporting.

What are the types of SAP HANA engines?

There are three types of SAP HANA engines:

Join Engine: We use the join engine every time an attribute view is created or used, or a join condition is applied in a native SQL command.
OLAP Engine: We use the OLAP engine in the creation of analytic views. We use it only when attributes are used in the analytical view and no calculation is done. If operations like calculations, counters, restricted measures are used then other engines like a calculation engine is used along with the OLAP engine.
Calculation Engine: We use the calculation engine in calculation along with being used in other views like analytical and attribute view whenever they apply complex logic and calculation operations.

Define Slt Configuration?

Configuration is the meaningful information to establish a connection between source, SLT system and SAP HANA architecture as stated in the SLT system. Programmers are allowed to illustrate a new Configuration in Configuration and Monitoring Dashboard.

What Is Stall?

The waiting process for data to load from the main memory to the CPU cache is called Stall.

List the Merits and Demerits Of Using Row-based Tables.?

Merits:

No data approach can be faster than row-based if you want to analyze, process and retrieve one record at one time.
Row-based tables are useful when there is specific demand of accessing complete record.
It is preferred when the table consists of a smaller number of rows.
This data storage and processing approach is easier and effective without any aggregations and fast searching. Demerits:
The data retrieval and processing operations involve the complete row, even though all the information is not useful.

What Is the Main Sap Hana Database Component?

Index Server consists of actual data engines for data processing including input SQL and MDX statements and performs authentic transactions.

What Are System Requirements for Sap Hana?

Java JRE 1.6 or 1.7 must be installed to run the SAP HANA studio. The Java runtime must be specified in the PATH variable. Make sure to choose the correct Java variant for installation of SAP HANA studio:

32-bit installation, choose a 32-bit Java variant.

For a 64-bit installation, choose a 64-bit Java variant.

Explain the Column and Row Store in Hana?

HANA supports both type of data store in database.
Row store is used when you need to use Select statement and no aggregations are performed.
Column store is used to perform aggregations and HANA Modelling is supported only on Column based tables.

What Are the Different License Keys Types In Hana System? What Is Their Validity?

Temporary License key
Permanent License Key

Temporary License key:

Temporary License keys are automatically installed when you install the HANA database.
These keys are valid only for 90 days and you should request permanent license keys from SAP market place before expiry of this 90 days period after installation.

Permanent License Key:

Permanent License keys are valid till the predefine expiration date.
License keys specify amount of memory licensed to target HANA installation.

Which Engine Is Used to Create Attribute View?

Join engine is used to create attribute view
This engine is used when we execute any Attribute View in HANA or run native SQL on more than one table with join condition.
If there are any calculations involved either in Attribute View or in native SQL then Join Engine will use Calculation Engine for calculations or fetch the result.

What Are the Different Types of Nodes In Calculation View?

Different types of nodes, they are:

Join: This node is used to join two source objects and pass the result to the next node. The join types can be inner, left outer, right outer and text join.Note: We can only add two source objects to a join node.

Union: This is used to perform union all operation between multiple sources. The source can be n number of objects.

Projection: This is used to select columns, filter the data and create additional columns before we use it in next nodes like a union, aggregation and rank.

Aggregation: This is used to perform aggregation on specific columns based on the selected attributes.

Rank: This is the exact replacement for RANK function in SQL. We can define the partition and order by clause based on the requirement.

Tell Something You Know About Normalization and De-normalization?

What Sort of Advantages Do Businesses Have with Effective Database Management?

By data managing the users are free to derive results that can be considered for the long run
A lot of difficulties related to data can be avoided easily
The data can be managed in sections and can be accessed easily
Well managed data is useful in designing reports, preparing documents and assisting various departments in other tasks.

How to Secure a Sap Hana User Connexion?

A Sap Hana database user is protected in the first place with a password. However, a password is very often required at the command line in order to connect and execute a batch or an SQL script. The username and password are then visible to anyone. In order to avoid that situation, it is possible to create a special key in relation to a particular user. Username and password are then invisible via the use of that key.

Compare SAP HANA and BWA (Business Warehouse Accelerator). Also, state how is SAP HANA working currently?

BWA or (Business Warehouse Accelerator): BWA is known as an in-memory accelerator for Business Warehouse (BW). The main focus of BWA is on improving the query performance of SAP Net Weaver BW. BWA is particularly designed to accelerate BW queries and also for reducing the data acquisition time by persisting the copies of the info cube.

SAP HANA: SAP HANA is an in-memory database. It is a platform where high-performance analytic reports and application is found. Another thing to notice here is that in SAP HANA data can be loaded from SAP and non-SAP Source System through SLT, BODS, DXC, and Sybase. This can be viewed using SAP BO/BI, Crystal Reports or Excel.

Currently, SAP HANA is working as an in-memory database for SAP BW. And now SAP HANA is able to improve the overall performance of SAP Net weaver BW.

What is a Five-minute rule?

It is a rule of thumb for deciding whether a data item should be kept in memory, or stored on disk and read back into memory when required. The rule is “randomly accessed disk pages of cache are re-used every 5 minutes”.

What are the advantages of Eliminating materialized aggregates?

No additional tables for storing aggregate results me

Simplified data model

Simplified application logic

Higher level of concurrency and

With the fly Aggregation we have aggregated values up to date

Is it possible to specify the type of data load and replication?

Yes, either in real time, or scheduled by time or by interval.

What happens when you set-up a new configuration?

The database connection is automatically created along with GUID and Mass transfer id (MT_ID).

A schema GUID ensures that configurations with the same schema name can be created.

The Mass transfer ID is used in the naming of SLT jobs and the system can uniquely identify a schema.

What factors influence the change/increase the number of jobs?

Number of configurations managed by the SLT replication server

Number of tables to be loaded/replicated for each configuration

Expected speed of initial load

Expected replication latency time. As a rule of thumb, one BDG job should be used for each 10 tables in replication to achieve acceptable latency times.

What are the different replication scenarios?

Load, Replicate, Stop, Suspend and Resume.

Before you select any application table, the initial load of the tables DD02L, DD02T & DD08L must be completed as they contain the metadata information.

Load: Starts an initial load of replication data from the source system. The procedure is a one-time event. After it is completed, further changes to the source system database will not be replicated.

For the initial load procedure, neither database triggers nor logging tables are created in the source system. Default settings use reading type 3 (DB_SETGET) with up to 3 background jobs in parallel to load tables in parallel or subsequently into the HANA system.

Replicate: Combines an initial load procedure and the subsequent replication procedure (real time or scheduled).

Before the initial load procedure will start, database trigger and related logging table are created for each table in the source system as well as in SLT replication server.

Stop Replication: Stops any current load or replication process of a table.

The stop function will remove the database trigger and related logging tables completely. Only use this function if you do want to continue a selected table otherwise you must initially load the table again to ensure data consistency.

Suspend: Pauses a table from a running replication. The database trigger will not be deleted from the source system. The recording of changes will continue and related information is stored in the related logging tables in the source system.

If you suspend tables for a long time the size of logging tables may increase and adjust the table space if required.

Resume: Restarts the application for a suspended table. The previous suspended replication will be resumed (no new initial load required).

What can be the maximum column name length?

127 characters

What can be the maximum number of columns in a table?

1000

What happens when you compile the procedure?

During compilation, the call to the procedure is rewritten for processing by the calculation engine.

What happens when you execute the procedure?

It binds the actual parameters to the calculation models generated in the definition phase.

What is an Attribute?

Attribute represents the descriptive data used in modelling. Example: City, Country, etc.

How SAP HANA is different from its competitors?

S.No	SAP HANA	Other applications
1	It make sure of minimum duplicity and redundancy	There are issues related to redundancy and duplicity of data
2	Data can be stored permanently	It is not always possible
3	Overall database management is low	The same is very high
4	A lot of storage space and cost can be saved	This is not always guaranteed

What do you mean by SAP HANA?

HANA stands for High performance Analytical Application and is one of the best available tools for database management. It can directly be linked to ERP systems. It is possible for the users to consider the frontend modeling for the replication center in this approach. In addition to this, it is one of the best available tools for load control and management in the server.

By which command in SQL you can simply boost the visibility of the data in the database?

This can be done simply by DCL benefits

What you should look for in a Relational Database Management Tool while selecting the same

There are certain things that largely matters. The needs can vary depending on business to business. A few of the top factors to pay attention to are listed below.

It should be compatible and comfortable to us
2. The support must be extensible to different type of formats
3. There should be no limit on the data handling
4. The tool should be good enough to maintain the privacy and the security of data
5. There must be some defined filters for data management
6. The overall cost associated with the tools
7. Configuration and maintenance requirements

What sort of advantages do businesses have with effective database management?

By data managing the users are free to derive results that can be considered for the long run
A lot of difficulties related to data can be avoided easily
The data can be managed in sections and can be accessed easily
Well managed data is useful in designing reports, preparing documents and assisting various departments in other tasks

What are the various tasks in the SAP HANA which are performed by the Modeling Studio?

The very first task it performs is selecting the type of tables which are to be stored in the HANA. The selection of Meta data is also the responsibility of the modeling studio. All the data services for entering the data from warehouse or other location are handled by it. It simply manages the ERP instances connections. The entire data services can be used for modeling only through the modeling studio. Any sort of other modeling in the SAP HANA itself is handled by the studio. Moreover, the tasks associated with the encoding are also managed and controlled by the modeling studio.

Can you tell some important benefits that users can have from the SLT Replication in SAP HANA?

It is basically an approach that has been categorized as triggered one i.e. users need not to worry about the overall impact of performance on the source system. The users can simply make sure of filtering, as well as transformation of the data even if the size is bulky. In addition to this, real-time data replication can also be assured by the users. It is possible for the users to simply make sure of multiple source systems to only one system based on HANA. The reverse action is also possible.

What problems can unnecessary information can cause in the SAP HANA and how you can avoid the same from being stored in the application?

Many times, the users have to deal with the information that is not relevant with any task. Generally, it can cause slow data processing speeds and can affect accuracy and reliability upto a high extent. The users are free to temporary stop the replication and this can avoid the problem of storing any unwanted information or data in the system. To disable replication temporarily, the users just have to stop the schema related jobs in the system.

What do you know about the Master Controller Job in the HANA?

It is a controller that can be deployed for various reasons and purposes. It simply makes sure of creating logging tables and triggers the same in the system. The synonyms can also be created with the help of master controller. Also, the new entries in the administration tables can be made with the help of this approach. The whole table can also be loaded with this approach.

Define Database Management System in your own way?

A Database Management system is basically an array of programs with applications with the help of which the users are free to organize the information, retrieve the same, restore and maintain data efficiency in positive manner.

Tell something about the type of relationships in the database?

They are:

One to one
One to many
Many to many

The One to One is that approach in which one table is directly associated with the other tables which are similar in terms of their column. The records can be same or they cannot be same in this approach. In the middle approach (One to many) one table is directly associated with another table and that has key relation outside the database. In the last approach every single record in the tables can relate multiple number or records which are present in another table.

What do you mean by the term Record?

A record is nothing but a collection of values or the fields that belong to a specific entity such as the account managing the salary of an employee.

What are the advantages of views can bring in the database?

They simply make sure of accuracy
2. All the outcomes can be generated without the wastage of the resources
3. Access to the important data is always restricted and it doesn’t allow any sort of modifications in the data.

What exactly is Data Definition Language?

These are the commands in SQL which are responsible for defining the structure in which data remains present. Generally, all the changes made to the data are saved automatically and the users don’t have anything to worry about the same.

How to Secure a sap Hana user connection?

What is the best way to manage, operate, and monitor sap hana systems?

Sap Hana is a young database with interesting features of SAP HANA. First of all, Sap Hana is an in-memory database. It is accessible for administration via various channels. Directly from the Server, It is not the most convenient method but you can use hdbsql to manage databases. With the web-based interface Hana cockpit, you can browse and manage sap hana environments. The Client Hana Studio is the complete tool to administer Sap Hana but it has to be physically installed and therefore is dependent on the client hardware.

What do you understand about SAP HANA?

SAP HANA means High-Performance Analytical Application which is the best tool for database management. It is an in-memory computing engine that encompasses special hardware and software components. It utilizes a real-time information computing/processing engine that gets information legitimately from the in-memory (fundamental memory/RAM) accelerating the information retrieval tasks.

Why is SAP HANA unique?

SAP HANA ends up being a unique tool for clients from various perspectives. The purposes behind uniqueness are:

SAP HANA is the principal innovation actually to be utilized for both OLTP and OLAP application preparation.
It gives the question of preparing the climate to organize just as unstructured information. That is, for both social information base (tables) and less organized (messages, charts) separately.
The multi-center handling motors of the SAP HANA framework measure information parallelly. The equal handling is done inside various segments of a similar information base. Utilizing a columnar information base, the framework advances information structure and facilitates putting away enormous information by compacting it.

Explain the components that comprise the SAP HANA technology?

SAP HANA is an innovation that is an assortment of various technology and tools that work to get its presence. There are four advances which on the whole make SAPA HANA:

SAP HANA DB: It is the center in-memory information base which is integral to the working of SAP HANA.

SAP HANA Studio: It has the displaying tool for management and data handling.

SAP HANA Appliance: It is the Vendor equipment where we introduce SAP HANA programming.

SAP HANA Application Cloud: It is the cloud-based foundation guaranteeing the working of appliances.

Explain the primary components of the SAP HANA?

Following are the key components of the SAP HANA:

In-memory processing motor: This is segment dwelling inside the Index Server. It has a few sub-parts, for example, Session Management, Planning Engine, Disk Storage, Execution Control, Request Processing, Relational Engine, and so on

Information base: This component has raw information dwelling in the ERP information base which is shipped off the HANA data set. Replication Agent (in ERP DB) and Replication Server (in the registering motor) arranges this information development. This part gives log-based information provisioning.

SAP Business Objects BI 4: This part incorporates devices like SBO BI Information Designer apparatus, Data Services Designer, Data Services Server, and Data workers, and so on We utilize the parts for work-based information provisioning. They plan and actualize an occupation on information and store the reports made subsequently. Subsequently, it likewise goes about as a repository.

SAP HANA Studio: This is a client interfacing stage which is an Eclipse-based tool where we can oversee, regulate, and control information. We can chip away at a few perspectives like Calculation, Attribute, and Analytic.

Clients: These are random revealing tools which we can associate with the registering motor by using explicit drivers. We can plan and share reports by using these tools and custom applications.

Explain about the architectural components of SAP HANA?

SAP HANA system contains various components which makes a system architecture:

Index server: The Index Server is the primary worker in SAP HANA. It has the information stockpiling and preparing motor. Inquiries in various dialects like SQL and MDX are gotten in the file worker. At that point, the inquiries are handled by various segments and workers inside it. The record worker additionally deals with the exchanges and confirmations. It likewise has a segment that oversees exchange logs and specifically stores information.

Furthermore, the file worker is additionally isolated into more modest segments like social information motor, meeting chief, approval of executives, arranging motor, calc motor, and tirelessness layer.

Name server: The name server keeps up the data of the geography or scene of SAP HANA framework climate. It contains data identified with the name and area of the HANA segments. This worker oversees and screens the geography of the apparent multitude of dispersed workers or hubs. It builds the preparing time by diminishing the re-ordering measure as it keeps the data on what information stores in which worker.

Pre-processor worker: Pre-processor worker is a book breaking down the worker who measures printed information. The administration given by this part is utilized during a text search. At whatever point a solicitation starts, this worker measures printed information and gives it to the client.

SAP HANA Studio Repository: The storehouse stores data identified with the recently delivered refreshes. We can refresh the old adaptation to the most recent ones with the assistance of this.

XS Engine: It encourages communication between the outside applications (Java and HTML based) and SAP HANA framework through HTTP/HTTPS in an internet browser. The XS Engine changes over the framework’s state from the persistence stored in the database into the utilization model for customers.

What are the different compression techniques in SAP HANA?

Following are the three different compression techniques in SAP HANA:

Cluster encoding
Run-length encoding
Dictionary encoding

Explain about transformation rules in SAP HANA?

Transformation rule is the standard determined in the serious replication setting exchange for the source table with the end goal that information is transformed during the replication cycle.

SAP HANA Certification Questions

What are the advantages of SLT replications?

Following points state the importance of SLT replications in SAP HANA:

SAP SLT deals with trigger-based methodology; such methodology has no quantifiable execution sway in the source framework
It offers transformation and filtering capacity
It empowers constant information replication, recreating just related information into HANA from non-SAP and SAP source frameworks
It is completely coordinated with HANA studios
Replication from a few source frameworks to one HANA framework is permitted, likewise from one source framework to various HANA frameworks is permitted.

Explain about different types of license keys in the SAP HANA system? What is their validity?

Following are various types of license keys in SAP HANA:

Temporary License keys are mechanically installed when you install the HANA database. These keys are substantial just for 90 days and you should demand lasting permit keys from SAP commercial center before the expiry of this 90 days time span after establishment.
Permanent License keys are substantial till the predefined termination date. Permit keys determine the measure of memory authorized to target the HANA establishment.

How many types of permanent license keys in the HANA System?

There are two types of permanent license keys in the SAP HANA System:

Unenforced − If an unenforced permit key is installed and utilizing the HANA framework surpasses the permit measure of memory, the activity of SAP HANA isn’t influenced by this situation.

Enforced − If the Enforced permit key is installed and utilizing the HANA framework surpasses the permit measure of memory, the HANA framework gets bolted. On the off chance that this circumstance happens, the HANA framework must be restarted or another permit key ought to be mentioned and introduced.

Differentiate Open data preview and open definition?

Open data preview: This is used to store the data in a modelling view and object table. When preview the data following are the three options:

Analysis
Raw Data
Distinct values

Open Definition: It uses the structure of the table, keys, column name, column data types, etc.

Explain different user parameters that can be defined in the semantic layer?

Following are various user parameters that define the semantic layer.

Measure and Attribute
Hierarchies
Parameters/Variables
New Calculated Column

Explain about sizing in SAP HANA?

Sizing in SAP HANA refers to governing the hardware prerequisites for explicit SAP HANA establishment necessities. Hardware segments significant for sizing perspective are CPU, memory (RAM) and hard plate. The most vital assignment in measuring is to gauge the size of the worker most appropriate for the business client’s prerequisites.

In SAP HANA, the user can perform sizing in the following ways:

Using ABAP report
Using quick sizer tool
Using DB script

Explain about row and column storage in SAP HANA?

In SAP HANA, the data is stored in the following two ways:

Row Storage is the technique for putting away information in an even manner. It is like how information is put away customarily in circle data sets. In any case, there is one fundamental distinction between the SAP HANA column stockpiling and conventional line stockpiling. That is, in SAP HANA, information is put away in lines in the fundamental memory, and in customary information bases, information is put away in lines in the circle stockpiling.

Column Storage technique stores the information in a columnar manner (direct/vertical). Information is packed effectively in segment stores. It improves SAP HANA’s exhibition by upgrading both the peruse and compose procedure on the information. Information is put away in the segment stockpiling region which is separated into two segments; Main stockpiling and Delta Storage.

What are the various perspectives in SAP HANA Studio?

SAP HANA studio contains various perspectives which a user can choose to work on them. Following are most used perspectives:

SAP HANA Administration Console
SAP HANA Modeler
Application Development
Lifecycle Management
SAP HANA Development
ABAP
BW Modelling

Explain about SAP HANA Information Modeler?

Information Modeler explains data perspectives or models on top of SAP HANA information base utilizing tables in it. Such models are made to serve a business rationale and activity. They are created straightforwardly on top of the HANA information base layer. The data modeler gives the interface and devices to choose ascribes and gauges from the information base tables with the goal that the client can make numerous data sees utilizing the actual tables of value-based information put away in the information bases. The data sees a consistent portrayal of the information which can be additionally distributed or burned-through for investigative purposes. Data demonstrating executes on the SAP HANA Modeler viewpoint of SAP HANA Studio.

Differentiate Information Modeler and Information Composer?

The two contrast from one another dependent on track clients. SAP HANA Information Modeler is for specialized clients with broad information displaying prerequisites and specialized information. They can play out a scope of cutting-edge tasks identified with demonstrating, for example, making property sees, logical perspectives, figuring sees, preparing models, information the executives and organization, information stacking and import/send out tables.

Though, data arrangers are made for non-specialized clients who are not IT and information science specialists (with no data set or demonstrating information). The data writer has intended to the point that it helps non-specialized clients with easy to understand interface, movements,

Explain about the SAP Business Objects BI 4 reporting tools?

SAP Business Objects BI 4 customer instruments are SAP items that offer revealing applications and apparatuses that utilization information from SAP BW and SAP HANA for announcing and investigation reasons. The rundown of detailing and dashboarding devices accessible under SAP Business Objects BI 4 bundle is:

Web Intelligence
Design Studio
Universe Designer(IDT/UDT)
BusinessObject Explorer
MS Excel
Analysis Office
SAP Lumira
SAP Crystal Reports

Why will users choose SAP HANA?

Real-time – SAP HANA Provides Real-time Data provisioning and Real-time Reporting of information.

Speed – SAP HANA gives elevated level velocities preparing on enormous information and this is expected to In-Memory Technology.

Open to Data/Source-SAP HANA can get to different information sources with no issues including the Structured and Unstructured information from SAP or Non-SAP information source.

Cloud-SAP HANA application and information base can be effectively sent to the Cloud climate.

Simplicity SAP HANA is most popular for its effortlessness. It additionally decreases the endeavors behind the ETL cycle, Data Aggregation, Indexing, and Mapping.

Cost factor–SAP expresses that SAP HANA Software can diminish the complete IT cost of any organization.

Choice option available: SAP HANA is upheld by the diverse equipment seller and has a rundown of the Software supplier, so dependent on the prerequisite, the client has such a large number of alternatives to can pick the best one.

Clarify how you can maintain a strategic distance from un-vital logging data from being put away?

You can maintain a strategic distance from un-vital logging data from being put away by delaying the replication by halting the blueprint related occupations.

Define the Five-minute rule?

It is a rule of thumb for deciding whether a data item should be kept in memory, or stored on disk and read back into memory when required. The rule is “randomly accessed disk pages of a cache are re-used every 5 minutes”.

So, this brings us to the end of the SAP HANA Interview Questions blog. This Tecklearn ‘Top SAP HANA Interview Questions and Answers’ helps you with commonly asked questions if you are looking out for a job in SAP HANA or SAP Domain. If you wish to learn SAP HANA and build a career in SAP domain, then check out our interactive, SAP HANA Training, that comes with 24*7 support to guide you throughout your learning period.

https://www.tecklearn.com/course/sap-hana-training-certification/

SAP HANA Training

About the Course

SAP HANA is an in-memory computing application that is designed and developed to boost the business processes, deliver smart solutions, and simplify both hardware and software environments. Our Sap Hana Training course will help you understand and learn the fundamentals and will also felicitate on training hands-on for the better grasp on the course. Further, we have the highly qualified professionals who will train you about Sap Hana Studio, Modelling, Security features and its various other aspects. You will understand why SAP HANA is a fundamentally different database engine upon the completion of this SAP HANA course.

Why Should you take SAP HANA Training?

The average Sap Hana Consultant salary $165,750 per year or $85 per hour. (neuvoo.com).
SAP HANA is the highest growing technology; hence, there is no surprise in plenty of career opportunities in this field. Since it is one among the fastest-growing products in the history of SAP, it is considered by the industries as a ground-breaking key for in-memory databases.
SAP HANA currently has more than 6,500 customers globally.

What you will Learn in this Course?

Introduction to SAP HANA

Fundamentals of SAP HANA
Capabilities of SAP HANA
Limitations of SAP HANA

Key Features of SAP HANA

Key Features: High Performance functionalities In-Memory computing, Columnar store database, Data Compression and Massive Parallel Processing
Using SAP HANA for Non-SAP Applications

Architecture of SAP HANA

Detailed Architecture of SAP HANA Database
Concept of SAP HANA Landscapes and Scenarios

Overview of HANA Studio

SAP HANA System – Perspectives, Administration, Modelling, Development Plan
HANA Database SQL Basics and Database SQL Script
Types of statements and data types
Operators, expressions and basic query execution
Sub-queries, Types of Joins, Expressions and Loops
Catalog – Schema, Table, Views, Functions, Stored Procedures, Index, Synonyms, Sequences, Triggers

Data Provisioning

Data Provisioning with Flat File upload
Provisioning – SDA (Smart Data Access)
Joins Types in HANA

SAP HANA Modelling

Types of Models
Attribute Views, Joins and Using Filter Operations
Creating Restricted and Calculated Columns
Using Hierarchies
Analytic Views – Star Schema design and Multi-Dimensional Modelling
Variables and Input parameters

Calculation Views

Dimension Calculation View
Information View
SAP HANA Variables
Introduction to Input Parameters

SAP Project

Using HANA analytical view building of COPA (Controlling and Profitability Analysis) model
SAP HANA COPA for evaluation of market segments and classification of markets according to the products, customers or any combination of it

Dimension Calculation View

Dimension Calculation View – Star Join Calculation view
Using Projection, Join, Aggregation, Union and Rank

In-depth Modelling

Refactoring information models
Schema Mapping
Propagate to schematics and Show Lineage
Schema Mapping
Generating Time Data
Union Pruning
Using Time Travel
Migrating deprecated Information models
Using Currency Conversion
Web based Modelling Work bench

Analytic Privileges and Decision Tables

Classical Analytic Privileges
SQL Analytic Privileges
Dynamic analytic Privileges.
Turning Business Rules into Decision tables
Table Functions

SAP HANA Table Function

Query Optimizing Technique related to SAP HANA Tables
Web Based Modelling work bench

SAP HANA on Cloud

SAP Analytics with SAP Reporting environment SAP BOBJ – tools, WEBI, LUMIRA, DASHBOARD (integration between sap Hana and bob)

Advanced Topics Overview

SAP HANA Dynamic tiering
Delta Merge
SDI (Smart Data Integration)
SDA (Smart Data Access)

DATA Provisioning

SLT – SAP Landscape Transformation
BODS – Business Objects Data Services

Analytical Privileges

Classical XML Based Analytical Privileges
SQL Analytical Privileges

HANA Administration and Security

Hana Administration
Security in SAP HANA – User Management

Got a question for us? Please mention it in the comments section and we will get back to you.

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