The Javaif statement is used to test the condition. It checks boolean condition: true or false. There are various types of if statement in Java.
• if statement
• if-else statement
• if-else-if ladder
• nested if statement

Java if Statement

The Java if statement tests the condition. It executes the if block if condition is true.
Syntax:
1. if(condition){
2. //code to be executed
3. }

java 9 4

Example:
1. //Java Program to demonstate the use of if statement.
2. public class IfExample {
3. public static void main(String[] args) {
4. //defining an ‘age’ variable
5. int age=20;
6. //checking the age
7. if(age>18){
8. System.out.print(“Age is greater than 18”);
9. }
10. }
11. }
Output:
Age is greater than 18

Java if-else Statement

The Java if-else statement also tests the condition. It executes the if block if condition is true otherwise else block is executed.
Syntax:
1. if(condition){
2. //code if condition is true
3. }else{
4. //code if condition is false
5. }

java 10

Example:
1. //A Java Program to demonstrate the use of if-else statement.
2. //It is a program of odd and even number.
3. public class IfElseExample {
4. public static void main(String[] args) {
5. //defining a variable
6. int number=13;
7. //Check if the number is divisible by 2 or not
8. if(number%2==0){
9. System.out.println(“even number”);
10. }else{
11. System.out.println(“odd number”);
12. }
13. }
14. }

Output:
odd number

Leap Year Example:

A year is leap, if it is divisible by 4 and 400. But, not by 100.
1. public class LeapYearExample {
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. int year=2020;
4. if(((year % 4 ==0) && (year % 100 !=0)) || (year % 400==0)){
5. System.out.println(“LEAP YEAR”);
6. }
7. else{
8. System.out.println(“COMMON YEAR”);
9. }
10. }
11. }
Output:
LEAP YEAR

Using Ternary Operator

We can also use ternary operator (? 🙂 to perform the task of if…else statement. It is a shorthand way to check the condition. If the condition is true, the result of ? is returned. But, if the condition is false, the result of : is returned.
Example:
1. public class IfElseTernaryExample {
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. int number=13;
4. //Using ternary operator
5. String output=(number%2==0)?”even number”:”odd number”;
6. System.out.println(output);
7. }
8. }
Output:
odd number

Java if-else-if ladder Statement

The if-else-if ladder statement executes one condition from multiple statements.
Syntax:
1. if(condition1){
2. //code to be executed if condition1 is true
3. }else if(condition2){
4. //code to be executed if condition2 is true
5. }
6. else if(condition3){
7. //code to be executed if condition3 is true
8. }
9. …
10. else{
11. //code to be executed if all the conditions are false
12. java 11
13. }
Example:
1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of If else-if ladder.
2. //It is a program of grading system for fail, D grade, C grade, B grade, A grade and A+.
3. public class IfElseIfExample {
4. public static void main(String[] args) {
5. int marks=65;
6.
7. if(marks<50){
8. System.out.println(“fail”);
9. }
10. else if(marks>=50 && marks<60){
11. System.out.println(“D grade”);
12. }
13. else if(marks>=60 && marks<70){
14. System.out.println(“C grade”);
15. }
16. else if(marks>=70 && marks<80){
17. System.out.println(“B grade”);
18. }
19. else if(marks>=80 && marks<90){
20. System.out.println(“A grade”);
21. }else if(marks>=90 && marks<100){
22. System.out.println(“A+ grade”);
23. }else{
24. System.out.println(“Invalid!”);
25. }
26. }
27. }
Output:
C grade
Program to check POSITIVE, NEGATIVE or ZERO:
1. public class PositiveNegativeExample {
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. int number=-13;
4. if(number>0){
5. System.out.println(“POSITIVE”);
6. }else if(number<0){
7. System.out.println(“NEGATIVE”);
8. }else{
9. System.out.println(“ZERO”);
10. }
11. }
12. }
Output:
NEGATIVE

Java Nested if statement

The nested if statement represents the if block within another if block. Here, the inner if block condition executes only when outer if block condition is true.
Syntax:
1. if(condition){
2. //code to be executed
3. if(condition){
4. //code to be executed
5. }
6. }

java 12

Example:
1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of Nested If Statement.
2. public class JavaNestedIfExample {
3. public static void main(String[] args) {
4. //Creating two variables for age and weight
5. int age=20;
6. int weight=80;
7. //applying condition on age and weight
8. if(age>=18){
9. if(weight>50){
10. System.out.println(“You are eligible to donate blood”);
11. }
12. }
13. }}
Output:
You are eligible to donate blood
Example 2:
1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of Nested If Statement.
2. public class JavaNestedIfExample2 {
3. public static void main(String[] args) {
4. //Creating two variables for age and weight
5. int age=25;
6. int weight=48;
7. //applying condition on age and weight
8. if(age>=18){
9. if(weight>50){
10. System.out.println(“You are eligible to donate blood”);
11. } else{
12. System.out.println(“You are not eligible to donate blood”);
13. }
14. } else{
15. System.out.println(“Age must be greater than 18”);
16. }
17. } }
Output:
You are not eligible to donate blood

Java Switch Statement

The Java switch statement executes one statement from multiple conditions. It is like if-else-if ladder statement. The switch statement works with byte, short, int, long, enum types, String and some wrapper types like Byte, Short, Int, and Long. Since Java 7, you can use strings in the switch statement.
In other words, the switch statement tests the equality of a variable against multiple values.
Points to Remember
• There can be one or N number of case values for a switch expression.
• The case value must be of switch expression type only. The case value must be literal or constant. It doesn’t allow variables.
• The case values must be unique. In case of duplicate value, it renders compile-time error.
• The Java switch expression must be of byte, short, int, long (with its Wrapper type), enums and string.
• Each case statement can have a break statement which is optional. When control reaches to the break statement, it jumps the control after the switch expression. If a break statement is not found, it executes the next case.
• The case value can have a default label which is optional.
Syntax:
1. switch(expression){
2. case value1:
3. //code to be executed;
4. break; //optional
5. case value2:
6. //code to be executed;
7. break; //optional
8. ……
9.
10. default:
11. code to be executed if all cases are not matched;
12. }

java 13

Example:
1. public class SwitchExample {
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. //Declaring a variable for switch expression
4. int number=20;
5. //Switch expression
6. switch(number){
7. //Case statements
8. case 10: System.out.println(“10”);
9. break;
10. case 20: System.out.println(“20”);
11. break;
12. case 30: System.out.println(“30”);
13. break;
14. //Default case statement
15. default:System.out.println(“Not in 10, 20 or 30″);
16. }
17. }
18. }
Output:
20

Finding Month Example:
1. //Java Program to demonstrate the example of Switch statement
2. //where we are printing month name for the given number
3. public class SwitchMonthExample {
4. public static void main(String[] args) {
5. //Specifying month number
6. int month=7;
7. String monthString=””;
8. //Switch statement
9. switch(month){
10. //case statements within the switch block
11. case 1: monthString=”1 – January”;
12. break;
13. case 2: monthString=”2 – February”;
14. break;
15. case 3: monthString=”3 – March”;
16. break;
17. case 4: monthString=”4 – April”;
18. break;
19. case 5: monthString=”5 – May”;
20. break;
21. case 6: monthString=”6 – June”;
22. break;
23. case 7: monthString=”7 – July”;
24. break;
25. case 8: monthString=”8 – August”;
26. break;
27. case 9: monthString=”9 – September”;
28. break;
29. case 10: monthString=”10 – October”;
30. break;
31. case 11: monthString=”11 – November”;
32. break;
33. case 12: monthString=”12 – December”;
34. break;
35. default:System.out.println(“Invalid Month!”);
36. }
37. //Printing month of the given number
38. System.out.println(monthString);
39. }
40. }
Output:
7 – July
Program to check Vowel or Consonant:
If the character is A, E, I, O, or U, it is vowel otherwise consonant. It is not case-sensitive.
1. public class SwitchVowelExample {
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. char ch=’O’;
4. switch(ch)
5. {
6. case ‘a’:
7. System.out.println(“Vowel”);
8. break;
9. case ‘e’:
10. System.out.println(“Vowel”);
11. break;
12. case ‘i’:
13. System.out.println(“Vowel”);
14. break;
15. case ‘o’:
16. System.out.println(“Vowel”);
17. break;
18. case ‘u’:
19. System.out.println(“Vowel”);
20. break;
21. case ‘A’:
22. System.out.println(“Vowel”);
23. break;
24. case ‘E’:
25. System.out.println(“Vowel”);
26. break;
27. case ‘I’:
28. System.out.println(“Vowel”);
29. break;
30. case ‘O’:
31. System.out.println(“Vowel”);
32. break;
33. case ‘U’:
34. System.out.println(“Vowel”);
35. break;
36. default:
37. System.out.println(“Consonant”);
38. }
39. }
40. }
Output:
Vowel
Java Switch Statement is fall-through
The Java switch statement is fall-through. It means it executes all statements after the first match if a break statement is not present.
Example:
1. //Java Switch Example where we are omitting the
2. //break statement
3. public class SwitchExample2 {
4. public static void main(String[] args) {
5. int number=20;
6. //switch expression with int value
7. switch(number){
8. //switch cases without break statements
9. case 10: System.out.println(“10”);
10. case 20: System.out.println(“20”);
11. case 30: System.out.println(“30”);
12. default:System.out.println(“Not in 10, 20 or 30″);
13. }
14. }
15. }
Output:
20
30
Not in 10, 20 or 30
Java Switch Statement with String
Java allows us to use strings in switch expression since Java SE 7. The case statement should be string literal.
Example:
1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of Java Switch
2. //statement with String
3. public class SwitchStringExample {
4. public static void main(String[] args) {
5. //Declaring String variable
6. String levelString=”Expert”;
7. int level=0;
8. //Using String in Switch expression
9. switch(levelString){
10. //Using String Literal in Switch case
11. case “Beginner”: level=1;
12. break;
13. case “Intermediate”: level=2;
14. break;
15. case “Expert”: level=3;
16. break;
17. default: level=0;
18. break;
19. }
20. System.out.println(“Your Level is: “+level);
21. }
22. }
Output:
Your Level is: 3

Java Nested Switch Statement

We can use switch statement inside other switch statement in Java. It is known as nested switch statement.
Example:
1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of Java Nested Switch
2. public class NestedSwitchExample {
3. public static void main(String args[])
4. {
5. //C – CSE, E – ECE, M – Mechanical
6. char branch = ‘C’;
7. int collegeYear = 4;
8. switch( collegeYear )
9. {
10. case 1:
11. System.out.println(“English, Maths, Science”);
12. break;
13. case 2:
14. switch( branch )
15. {
16. case ‘C’:
17. System.out.println(“Operating System, Java, Data Structure”);
18. break;
19. case ‘E’:
20. System.out.println(“Micro processors, Logic switching theory”);
21. break;
22. case ‘M’:
23. System.out.println(“Drawing, Manufacturing Machines”);
24. break;
25. }
26. break;
27. case 3:
28. switch( branch )
29. {
30. case ‘C’:
31. System.out.println(“Computer Organization, MultiMedia”);
32. break;
33. case ‘E’:
34. System.out.println(“Fundamentals of Logic Design, Microelectronics”);
35. break;
36. case ‘M’:
37. System.out.println(“Internal Combustion Engines, Mechanical Vibration”);
38. break;
39. }
40. break;
41. case 4:
42. switch( branch )
43. {
44. case ‘C’:
45. System.out.println(“Data Communication and Networks, MultiMedia”);
46. break;
47. case ‘E’:
48. System.out.println(“Embedded System, Image Processing”);
49. break;
50. case ‘M’:
51. System.out.println(“Production Technology, Thermal Engineering”);
52. break;
53. }
54. break;
55. }
56. }
57. }
Output:
Data Communication and Networks, MultiMedia
Java Enum in Switch Statement
Java allows us to use enum in switch statement.
Example:
1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of Enum
2. //in switch statement
3. public class JavaSwitchEnumExample {
4. public enum Day { Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat }
5. public static void main(String args[])
6. {
7. Day[] DayNow = Day.values();
8. for (Day Now : DayNow)
9. {
10. switch (Now)
11. {
12. case Sun:
13. System.out.println(“Sunday”);
14. break;
15. case Mon:
16. System.out.println(“Monday”);
17. break;
18. case Tue:
19. System.out.println(“Tuesday”);
20. break;
21. case Wed:
22. System.out.println(“Wednesday”);
23. break;
24. case Thu:
25. System.out.println(“Thursday”);
26. break;
27. case Fri:
28. System.out.println(“Friday”);
29. break;
30. case Sat:
31. System.out.println(“Saturday”);
32. break;
33. }
34. }
35. }
36. }
Output:
Sunday
Monday
Twesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday

Java Wrapper in Switch Statement

Java allows us to use four wrapper classes: Byte, Short, Integer and Long in switch statement.
Example:
1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of Wrapper class
2. //in switch statement
3. public class WrapperInSwitchCaseExample {
4. public static void main(String args[])
5. {
6. Integer age = 18;
7. switch (age)
8. {
9. case (16):
10. System.out.println(“You are under 18.”);
11. break;
12. case (18):
13. System.out.println(“You are eligible for vote.”);
14. break;
15. case (65):
16. System.out.println(“You are senior citizen.”);
17. break;
18. default:
19. System.out.println(“Please give the valid age.”);
20. break;
21. }
22. }
23. }

Output:
You are eligible for vote.
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