What is Operator? Simple answer can be given using expression 4 + 5 is equal to 9. Here 4 and 5 are called operands and + is called operator. PHP language supports following type of operators.

Arithmetic Operators
Comparison Operators
Logical (or Relational) Operators
Assignment Operators
Conditional (or ternary) Operators

Lets have a look on all operators one by one.

Arithmetic Operators

There are following arithmetic operators supported by PHP language −

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −

Operator	Description	Example
+	Adds two operands	A + B will give 30
–	Subtracts second operand from the first	A – B will give -10
*	Multiply both operands	A * B will give 200
/	Divide numerator by de-numerator	B / A will give 2
%	Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer division	B % A will give 0
++	Increment operator, increases integer value by one	A++ will give 11
—	Decrement operator, decreases integer value by one	A– will give 9

Comparison Operators

There are following comparison operators supported by PHP language

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −

Operator	Description	Example
==	Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A == B) is not true.
!=	Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.	(A != B) is true.
>	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A > B) is not true.
<	Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A < B) is true.
>=	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A >= B) is not true.
<=	Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A <= B) is true.

Logical Operators

There are following logical operators supported by PHP language

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −

Operator	Description	Example
and	Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are true then condition becomes true.	(A and B) is true.
or	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non zero then condition becomes true.	(A or B) is true.
&&	Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non zero then condition becomes true.	(A && B) is true.
\|\|	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non zero then condition becomes true.	(A \|\| B) is true.
!	Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false.	!(A && B) is false.

Assignment Operators

There are following assignment operators supported by PHP language −

Operator	Description	Example
=	Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand	C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C
+=	Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand	C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
-=	Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand	C -= A is equivalent to C = C – A
*=	Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand	C = A is equivalent to C = C A
/=	Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand	C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
%=	Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand	C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A

Conditional Operator

There is one more operator called conditional operator. This first evaluates an expression for a true or false value and then execute one of the two given statements depending upon the result of the evaluation. The conditional operator has this syntax −

Operator	Description	Example
? :	Conditional Expression	If Condition is true ? Then value X : Otherwise value Y

Operators Categories

All the operators we have discussed above can be categorized into following categories −

Unary prefix operators, which precede a single operand.
Binary operators, which take two operands and perform a variety of arithmetic and logical operations.
The conditional operator (a ternary operator), which takes three operands and evaluates either the second or third expression, depending on the evaluation of the first expression.
Assignment operators, which assign a value to a variable.

Precedence of PHP Operators

Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression. This affects how an expression is evaluated. Certain operators have higher precedence than others; for example, the multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator −

For example x = 7 + 3 * 2; Here x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has higher precedence than + so it first get multiplied with 3*2 and then adds into 7.

Here operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedence operators will be evaluated first.

Category	Operator	Associativity
Unary	! ++ —	Right to left
Multiplicative	* / %	Left to right
Additive	+ –	Left to right
Relational	< <= > >=	Left to right
Equality	== !=	Left to right
Logical AND	&&	Left to right
Logical OR	\|\|	Left to right
Conditional	?:	Right to left
Assignment	= += -= *= /= %=	Right to left

The if, elseif …else and switch statements are used to take decision based on the different condition.

You can use conditional statements in your code to make your decisions. PHP supports following three decision making statements −

..else statement − use this statement if you want to execute a set of code when a condition is true and another if the condition is not true
elseif statement − is used with the if…else statement to execute a set of code if one of the several condition is true
switch statement − is used if you want to select one of many blocks of code to be executed, use the Switch statement. The switch statement is used to avoid long blocks of if..elseif..else code.

The If…Else Statement

If you want to execute some code if a condition is true and another code if a condition is false, use the if….else statement.

Syntax

if (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;else code to be executed if condition is false;

Example

The following example will output “Have a nice weekend!” if the current day is Friday, Otherwise, it will output “Have a nice day!”:

<html>   

<body>        

 <?php         

$d = date("D");                  

if ($d == "Fri")            

echo "Have a nice weekend!";                   

else echo "Have a nice day!";       

?>      

</body>

</html>

It will produce the following result −

Have a nice weekend!

The ElseIf Statement

If you want to execute some code if one of the several conditions are true use the elseif statement

Syntax

if (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;elseif (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;else code to be executed if condition is false;

Example

The following example will output “Have a nice weekend!” if the current day is Friday, and “Have a nice Sunday!” if the current day is Sunday. Otherwise, it will output “Have a nice day!”

<html>   

<body>         

<?php         

$d = date("D");                  

if ($d == "Fri")           

 echo "Have a nice weekend!";                  

elseif ($d == "Sun")            

echo "Have a nice Sunday!";                   

else            

echo "Have a nice day!";      

 ?>        

 </body>

</html>

It will produce the following result −

Have a nice Weekend!

The Switch Statement

If you want to select one of many blocks of code to be executed, use the Switch statement.

The switch statement is used to avoid long blocks of if..elseif..else code.

Syntax

switch (expression){ case label1: code to be executed if expression = label1; break; case label2: code to be executed if expression = label2; break; default: code to be executed if expression is different from both label1 and label2;}

Example

The switch statement works in an unusual way. First it evaluates given expression then seeks a lable to match the resulting value. If a matching value is found then the code associated with the matching label will be executed or if none of the lable matches then statement will execute any specified default code.

<html>

It will produce the following result −

Today is Monday

So, this brings us to the end of blog. This Tecklearn ‘Operator Types in PHP’ blog helps you with commonly asked questions if you are looking out for a job in PHP Programming. If you wish to learn Java and build a career Java Programming domain, then check out our interactive, Java and JEE Training, that comes with 24*7 support to guide you throughout your learning period. Please find the link for course details:

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