Connecting a method call to the method body is known as binding.
There are two types of binding
1. Static Binding (also known as Early Binding).
2. Dynamic Binding (also known as Late Binding).

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Table of Contents

Understanding Type

Let’s understand the type of instance.

1) variables have a type

Each variable has a type, it may be primitive and non-primitive.
1. int data=30;
Here data variable is a type of int.
2) References have a type

1. class Dog{ 
2. public static void main(String args[]){ 
3. Dog d1;//Here d1 is a type of Dog 
4. } 
5. }

3) Objects have a type

An object is an instance of particular java class,but it is also an instance of its superclass.

1. class Animal{} 
2. 
3. class Dog extends Animal{ 
4. public static void main(String args[]){ 
5. Dog d1=new Dog(); 
6. } 
7. }

Here d1 is an instance of Dog class, but it is also an instance of Animal.

static binding

When type of the object is determined at compiled time(by the compiler), it is known as static binding.
If there is any private, final or static method in a class, there is static binding.
Example of static binding

1. class Dog{ 
2. private void eat(){System.out.println("dog is eating...");} 
3. 
4. public static void main(String args[]){ 
5. Dog d1=new Dog(); 
6. d1.eat(); 
7. } 
8. }

Dynamic binding

When type of the object is determined at run-time, it is known as dynamic binding.
Example of dynamic binding

1. class Animal{ 
2. void eat(){System.out.println("animal is eating...");} 
3. } 
4. 
5. class Dog extends Animal{ 
6. void eat(){System.out.println("dog is eating...");} 
7. 
8. public static void main(String args[]){ 
9. Animal a=new Dog(); 
10. a.eat(); 
11. } 
12. }

Output:dog is eating…
In the above example object type cannot be determined by the compiler, because the instance of Dog is also an instance of Animal.So compiler doesn’t know its type, only its base type.

Final Keyword In Java

The final keyword in java is used to restrict the user. The java final keyword can be used in many context. Final can be:
1. variable
2. method
3. class
The final keyword can be applied with the variables, a final variable that have no value it is called blank final variable or uninitialized final variable. It can be initialized in the constructor only. The blank final variable can be static also which will be initialized in the static block only. We will have detailed learning of these. Let’s first learn the basics of final keyword.

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1) Java final variable

If you make any variable as final, you cannot change the value of final variable(It will be constant).

Example of final variable

There is a final variable speedlimit, we are going to change the value of this variable, but It can’t be changed because final variable once assigned a value can never be changed.

1. class Bike9{ 
2. final int speedlimit=90;//final variable 
3. void run(){ 
4. speedlimit=400; 
5. } 
6. public static void main(String args[]){ 
7. Bike9 obj=new Bike9(); 
8. obj.run(); 
9. } 
10. }//end of class

Output:Compile Time Error

2) Java final method

If you make any method as final, you cannot override it.
Example of final method

1. class Bike{ 
2. final void run(){System.out.println("running");} 
3. } 
4. 
5. class Honda extends Bike{ 
6. void run(){System.out.println("running safely with 100kmph");} 
7. 
8. public static void main(String args[]){ 
9. Honda honda= new Honda(); 
10. honda.run(); 
11. } 
12. }

Output:Compile Time Error

3) Java final class

If you make any class as final, you cannot extend it.
Example of final class

1. final class Bike{} 
2. 
3. class Honda1 extends Bike{ 
4. void run(){System.out.println("running safely with 100kmph");} 
5. 
6. public static void main(String args[]){ 
7. Honda1 honda= new Honda1(); 
8. honda.run(); 
9. } 
10. }

Output:Compile Time Error

Q) Is final method inherited?

Ans) Yes, final method is inherited but you cannot override it. For Example:

1. class Bike{ 
2. final void run(){System.out.println("running...");} 
3. } 
4. class Honda2 extends Bike{ 
5. public static void main(String args[]){ 
6. new Honda2().run(); 
7. } 
8. }

Output:running…

Q) What is blank or uninitialized final variable?

A final variable that is not initialized at the time of declaration is known as blank final variable.
If you want to create a variable that is initialized at the time of creating object and once initialized may not be changed, it is useful. For example PAN CARD number of an employee.
It can be initialized only in constructor.

Example of blank final variable

1. class Student{ 
2. int id; 
3. String name; 
4. final String PAN_CARD_NUMBER; 
5. ... 
6. }

Que) Can we initialize blank final variable?

Yes, but only in constructor. For example:

1. class Bike10{ 
2. final int speedlimit;//blank final variable 
3. 
4. Bike10(){ 
5. speedlimit=70; 
6. System.out.println(speedlimit); 
7. } 
8. 
9. public static void main(String args[]){ 
10. new Bike10(); 
11. } 
12. }

Output: 70

static blank final variable

A static final variable that is not initialized at the time of declaration is known as static blank final variable. It can be initialized only in static block.

Example of static blank final variable

1. class A{ 
2. static final int data;//static blank final variable 
3. static{ data=50;} 
4. public static void main(String args[]){ 
5. System.out.println(A.data); 
6. } 
7. }

Q) What is final parameter?

If you declare any parameter as final, you cannot change the value of it.

1. class Bike11{ 
2. int cube(final int n){ 
3. n=n+2;//can't be changed as n is final 
4. n*n*n; 
5. } 
6. public static void main(String args[]){ 
7. Bike11 b=new Bike11(); 
8. b.cube(5); 
9. } 
10. }

Output: Compile Time Error

Q) Can we declare a constructor final?

No, because constructor is never inherited.

So, this brings us to the end of blog. This Tecklearn ‘Static Binding and Dynamic Binding and Final Keyword’ blog helps you with commonly asked questions if you are looking out for a job in Java Programming. If you wish to learn Java and build a career Java Programming domain, then check out our interactive, Java and JEE Training, that comes with 24*7 support to guide you throughout your learning period. Please find the link for course details:

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