Authentication is the process of identifying the user credentials. In web applications, authentication is managed by sessions which take the input parameters such as email or username and password, for user identification. If these parameters match, the user is said to be authenticated.

Command

Laravel uses the following command to create forms and the associated controllers to perform authentication −

php artisan make:auth

This command helps in creating authentication scaffolding successfully, as shown in the following screenshot −

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Controller

The controller which is used for the authentication process is HomeController.

<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Http\Requests;use Illuminate\Http\Request; class HomeController extends Controller{   /**      * Create a new controller instance.      *      * @return void   */      public function __construct() {      $this->middleware('auth');   }      /**      * Show the application dashboard.      *      * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response   */      public function index() {      return view('home');   }}

As a result, the scaffold application generated creates the login page and the registration page for performing authentication. They are as shown below −

Login

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Registration

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Manually Authenticating Users

Laravel uses the Auth façade which helps in manually authenticating the users. It includes the attempt method to verify their email and password.

Consider the following lines of code for LoginController which includes all the functions for authentication −

<?php // Authentication mechanismnamespace App\Http\Controllers; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth; class LoginController extends Controller{   /**      * Handling authentication request      *      * @return Response   */      public function authenticate() {      if (Auth::attempt(['email' => $email, 'password' => $password])) {               // Authentication passed...         return redirect()->intended('dashboard');      }   }}

Laravel – Authorization

Difference between Authentication and Authorization

Before proceeding further into learning about the authorization process in Laravel, let us understand the difference between authentication and authorization.

In authentication, the system or the web application identifies its users through the credentials they provide. If it finds that the credentials are valid, they are authenticated, or else they are not.

In authorization, the system or the web application checks if the authenticated users can access the resources that they are trying to access or make a request for. In other words, it checks their rights and permissions over the requested resources. If it finds that they can access the resources, it means that they are authorized.

Thus, authentication involves checking the validity of the user credentials, and authorization involves checking the rights and permissions over the resources that an authenticated user has.

Authorization Mechanism in Laravel

Laravel provides a simple mechanism for authorization that contains two primary ways, namely Gates and Policies.

Writing Gates and Policies

Gates are used to determine if a user is authorized to perform a specified action. They are typically defined in App/Providers/AuthServiceProvider.php using Gate facade. Gates are also functions which are declared for performing authorization mechanism.

Policies are declared within an array and are used within classes and methods which use authorization mechanism.

The following lines of code explain you how to use Gates and Policies for authorizing a user in a Laravel web application. Note that in this example, the boot function is used for authorizing the users.

<?php namespace App\Providers; use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Access\Gate as GateContract;use Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\AuthServiceProvider as ServiceProvider; class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider{   /**      * The policy mappings for the application.      *      * @var array   */      protected $policies = [      'App\Model' => 'App\Policies\ModelPolicy',   ];      /**      * Register any application authentication / authorization services.      *      * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Access\Gate $gate      * @return void   */      public function boot(GateContract $gate) {      $this->registerPolicies($gate);      //   }}

So, this brings us to the end of blog. This Tecklearn ‘Process of Authentication and Authorization in Laravel’ blog helps you with commonly asked questions if you are looking out for a job in Laravel Programming. If you wish to learn Laravel and build a career Java Programming domain, then check out our interactive, Java and JEE Training, that comes with 24*7 support to guide you throughout your learning period. Please find the link for course details:

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