Java 9 Collection library includes static factory methods for List, Set and Map interface. These methods are useful to create small number of collection.
Suppose, if we want to create a list of 5 elements, we need to write the following code.

Table of Contents

Java List Example

1. import java.util.ArrayList; 
2. import java.util.List; 
3. public class FactoryMethodsExample { 
4. public static void main(String[] args) { 
5. List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(); 
6. list.add("Java"); 
7. list.add("JavaFX"); 
8. list.add("Spring"); 
9. list.add("Hibernate"); 
10. list.add("JSP"); 
11. for(String l : list){ 
12. System.out.println(l); 
13. } 
14. } 
15. }

Output:
Java
JavaFX
Spring
Hibernate
JSP
In the above code, add method is called repeatedly for each list element, while in Java 9 we can do it in single line of code using factory methods.

Factory Methods for Collection

Factory methods are special type of static methods that are used to create unmodifiable instances of collections. It means we can use these methods to create list, set and map of small number of elements.
It is unmodifiable, so adding new element will throw java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
Each interface has it’s own factory methods, we are listing all the methods in the following tables.

Factory Methods of List Interface

Modifiers	Methods	Description
static <E> List<E>	Of()	It It returns an immutable list containing zero elements.
static <E> List<E>	of(E e1)	It It returns an immutable list containing one element.
static <E> List<E>	of(E… elements)	It It returns an immutable list containing an arbitrary number of elements.
static <E> List<E>	of(E e1, E e2)	It It returns an immutable list containing two elements.
static <E> List<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3)	It It returns an immutable list containing three elements.
static <E> List<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4)	It It returns an immutable list containing four elements.
static <E> List<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5)	It It returns an immutable list containing five elements.
static <E> List<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5, E e6)	It It returns an immutable list containing six elements.
static <E> List<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5, E e6, E e7)	It It returns an immutable list containing seven elements.
static <E> List<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5, E e6, E e7, E e8)	It It returns an immutable list containing eight elements.
static <E> List<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5, E e6, E e7, E e8, E e9)	It It returns an immutable list containing nine elements.
static <E> List<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5, E e6, E e7, E e8, E e9, E e10)	It It returns an immutable list containing ten elements.

Java 9 List Factory Method Example

In Java 9, we can write this code in vary simple manner with the help of List.of() factory method.

1. import java.util.List; 
2. public class FactoryMethodsExample { 
3. public static void main(String[] args) { 
4. List<String> list = List.of("Java","JavaFX","Spring","Hibernate","JSP"); 
5. for(String l:list) { 
6. System.out.println(l); 
7. } 
8. } 
9. }

Output:
Java
JavaFX
Spring
Hibernate
JSP

Java 9 Set Interface
Java Set interface provides a Set.of() static factory method which is used to create immutable set. The set instance created by this method has the following characteristcis.
• It is immutable
• No null elements
• It is serializable if all elements are serializable.
• No duplicate elements.
• The iteration order of set elements is unspecified and is subject to change.

Java 9 Set Interface Factory Methods

The following table contains the factory methods for Set interface.

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
static <E> Set<E>	of()	It It returns an immutable set containing zero elements.
static <E> Set<E>	of(E e1)	It It returns an immutable set containing one element.
static <E> Set<E>	of(E… elements)	It It returns an immutable set containing an arbitrary number of elements.
static <E> Set<E>	of(E e1, E e2)	It It returns an immutable set containing two elements.
static <E> Set<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3)	It It returns an immutable set containing three elements.
static <E> Set<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4)	It It returns an immutable set containing four elements.
static <E> Set<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5)	It It returns an immutable set containing five elements.
static <E> Set<E>	It It returns an immutable set containing six elements.
static <E> Set<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5, E e6, E e7)	It It returns an immutable set containing seven elements.
static <E> Set<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5, E e6, E e7, E e8)	It It returns an immutable set containing eight elements.
static <E> Set<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5, E e6, E e7, E e8, E e9)	It It returns an immutable set containing nine elements.
static <E> Set<E>	of(E e1, E e2, E e3, E e4, E e5, E e6, E e7, E e8, E e9, E e10)	It It returns an immutable set containing ten elements.

Java 9 Map Interface Factory Methods

In Java 9, Map includes Map.of() and Map.ofEntries() static factory methods that provide a convenient way to creae immutable maps.
Map created by these methods has the following characteristics.
• It is immutable
• It does not allow null keys and values
• It is serializable if all keys and values are serializable
• It rejects duplicate keys at creation time
• The iteration order of mappings is unspecified and is subject to change.

Java 9 Map Interface Factory Methods

The following table contains the factory methods for Map interface.

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
static <K,V> Map<K,V>	of()	It returns an immutable map containing zero mappings.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>	of(K k1, V v1)	It returns an immutable map containing a single mapping.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>	of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2)	It returns an immutable map containing two mappings.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>	of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3)	It returns an immutable map containing three mappings.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>	of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4)	It returns an immutable map containing four mappings.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>	of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5)	It returns an immutable map containing five mappings.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>	of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5, K k6, V v6)	It returns an immutable map containing six mappings.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>	of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5, K k6, V v6, K k7, V v7)	It returns an immutable map containing seven mappings.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>	of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5, K k6, V v6, K k7, V v7, K k8, V v8)	It returns an immutable map containing eight mappings.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>	of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5, K k6, V v6, K k7, V v7, K k8, V v8, K k9, V v9)	It returns an immutable map containing nine mappings.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>	of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5, K k6, V v6, K k7, V v7, K k8, V v8, K k9, V v9, K k10, V v10)	It returns an immutable map containing ten mappings.
static <K,V> Map<K,V>	ofEntries(Map.Entry<? extends K,? extends V>… entries)	It returns an immutable map containing keys and values extracted from the given entries.

Java 9 Map Interface Factory Methods Example

1. import java.util.Map; 
2. public class FactoryMethodsExample { 
3. public static void main(String[] args) { 
4. Map<Integer,String> map = Map.of(101,"JavaFX",102,"Hibernate",103,"Spring MVC"); 
5. for(Map.Entry<Integer, String> m : map.entrySet()){ 
6. System.out.println(m.getKey()+" "+m.getValue()); 
7. } 
8. } 
9. }

Output:
102 Hibernate
103 Spring MVC
101 JavaFX

Java 9 Map Interface ofEntries() Method Example

In Java 9, apart from static Map.of() methods, Map interface includes one more static method Map.ofEntries(). This method is used to create a map of Map.Entry instances.
In the following example, we are creating map instance with the help of multiple map.entry instances.

1. import java.util.Map; 

2. public class FactoryMethodsExample { 
3. public static void main(String[] args) { 
4. // Creating Map Entry 
5. Map.Entry<Integer, String> e1 = Map.entry(101, "Java"); 
6. Map.Entry<Integer, String> e2 = Map.entry(102, "Spring"); 
7. // Creating Map using map entries 
8. Map<Integer, String> map = Map.ofEntries(e1,e2); 
9. // Iterating Map 
10. for(Map.Entry<Integer, String> m : map.entrySet()){ 
11. System.out.println(m.getKey()+" "+m.getValue()); 
12. } 
13. } 
14. }

Output:
102 Spring
101 Java

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