Input layer consists of (1, 8, 28) values.
First layer, Conv2D consists of 32 filters and ‘relu’ activation function with kernel size, (3,3).
Second layer, Conv2D consists of 64 filters and ‘relu’ activation function with kernel size, (3,3).
Thrid layer, MaxPooling has pool size of (2, 2).
Fifth layer, Flatten is used to flatten all its input into single dimension.
Sixth layer, Dense consists of 128 neurons and ‘relu’ activation function.
Seventh layer, Dropout has 0.5 as its value.
Eighth and final layer consists of 10 neurons and ‘softmax’ activation function.
Use categorical_crossentropy as loss function.
Use Adadelta() as Optimizer.
Use accuracy as metrics.
Use 128 as batch size.
Use 20 as epochs.

Step 1 − Import the modules

Let us import the necessary modules.

import keras
from keras.datasets import mnist
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Dropout, Flatten
from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D
from keras import backend as K
import numpy as np

Step 2 − Load data

Let us import the mnist dataset.

(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()

Step 3 − Process the data

Let us change the dataset according to our model, so that it can be feed into our model.

img_rows, img_cols = 28, 28
if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first':
x_train = x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0], 1, img_rows, img_cols)
x_test = x_test.reshape(x_test.shape[0], 1, img_rows, img_cols)
input_shape = (1, img_rows, img_cols)
else:
x_train = x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0], img_rows, img_cols, 1)
x_test = x_test.reshape(x_test.shape[0], img_rows, img_cols, 1)
input_shape = (img_rows, img_cols, 1)
x_train = x_train.astype('float32')
x_test = x_test.astype('float32')
x_train /= 255
x_test /= 255
y_train = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_train, 10)
y_test = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_test, 10)

The data processing is similar to MPL model except the shape of the input data and image format configuration.

Step 4 − Create the model

Let us create the actual model.

model = Sequential()
model.add(Conv2D(32, kernel_size = (3, 3),
activation = 'relu', input_shape = input_shape))
model.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation = 'relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size = (2, 2)))
model.add(Dropout(0.25)) model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(128, activation = 'relu'))
model.add(Dropout(0.5))
model.add(Dense(10, activation = 'softmax'))

Step 5 − Compile the model

Let us compile the model using selected loss function, optimizer and metrics.

model.compile(loss = keras.losses.categorical_crossentropy,
optimizer = keras.optimizers.Adadelta(), metrics = ['accuracy'])

Step 6 − Train the model

Let us train the model using fit() method.

model.fit(
x_train, y_train,
batch_size = 128,
epochs = 12,
verbose = 1,
validation_data = (x_test, y_test)
)

Executing the application will output the below information −

Train on 60000 samples, validate on 10000 samples Epoch 1/12
60000/60000 [==============================] - 84s 1ms/step - loss: 0.2687
- acc: 0.9173 - val_loss: 0.0549 - val_acc: 0.9827 Epoch 2/12
60000/60000 [==============================] - 86s 1ms/step - loss: 0.0899
- acc: 0.9737 - val_loss: 0.0452 - val_acc: 0.9845 Epoch 3/12
60000/60000 [==============================] - 83s 1ms/step - loss: 0.0666
- acc: 0.9804 - val_loss: 0.0362 - val_acc: 0.9879 Epoch 4/12
60000/60000 [==============================] - 81s 1ms/step - loss: 0.0564
- acc: 0.9830 - val_loss: 0.0336 - val_acc: 0.9890 Epoch 5/12
60000/60000 [==============================] - 86s 1ms/step - loss: 0.0472
- acc: 0.9861 - val_loss: 0.0312 - val_acc: 0.9901 Epoch 6/12
60000/60000 [==============================] - 83s 1ms/step - loss: 0.0414
- acc: 0.9877 - val_loss: 0.0306 - val_acc: 0.9902 Epoch 7/12
60000/60000 [==============================] - 89s 1ms/step - loss: 0.0375
-acc: 0.9883 - val_loss: 0.0281 - val_acc: 0.9906 Epoch 8/12
60000/60000 [==============================] - 91s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0339
- acc: 0.9893 - val_loss: 0.0280 - val_acc: 0.9912 Epoch 9/12
60000/60000 [==============================] - 89s 1ms/step - loss: 0.0325
- acc: 0.9901 - val_loss: 0.0260 - val_acc: 0.9909 Epoch 10/12
60000/60000 [==============================] - 89s 1ms/step - loss: 0.0284
- acc: 0.9910 - val_loss: 0.0250 - val_acc: 0.9919 Epoch 11/12
60000/60000 [==============================] - 86s 1ms/step - loss: 0.0287
- acc: 0.9907 - val_loss: 0.0264 - val_acc: 0.9916 Epoch 12/12
60000/60000 [==============================] - 86s 1ms/step - loss: 0.0265
- acc: 0.9920 - val_loss: 0.0249 - val_acc: 0.9922

Step 7 − Evaluate the model

Let us evaluate the model using test data.

score = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test, verbose = 0)
print('Test loss:', score[0])
print('Test accuracy:', score[1])

Executing the above code will output the below information −

Test loss: 0.024936060590433316

Test accuracy: 0.9922

The test accuracy is 99.22%. We have created a best model to identify the handwriting digits.

Step 8 − Predict

Finally, predict the digit from images as below −

pred = model.predict(x_test)
pred = np.argmax(pred, axis = 1)[:5]
label = np.argmax(y_test,axis = 1)[:5]
print(pred)
print(label)
The output of the above application is as follows −
[7 2 1 0 4]
[7 2 1 0 4]

The output of both array is identical and it indicate our model correctly predicts the first five images.

So, this brings us to the end of blog. This Tecklearn ‘Deep Dive into Keras – Convolution Neural Network (CNN)’ blog helps you with commonly asked questions if you are looking out for a job in Artificial Intelligence. If you wish to learn Artificial Intelligence and build a career in AI or Machine Learning domain, then check out our interactive, Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning with TensorFlow Training, that comes with 24*7 support to guide you throughout your learning period. Please find the link for course details:

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Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning with TensorFlow Training

About the Course

Tecklearn’s Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning with Tensor Flow course is curated by industry professionals as per the industry requirements & demands and aligned with the latest best practices. You’ll master convolutional neural networks (CNN), TensorFlow, TensorFlow code, transfer learning, graph visualization, recurrent neural networks (RNN), Deep Learning libraries, GPU in Deep Learning, Keras and TFLearn APIs, backpropagation, and hyperparameters via hands-on projects. The trainee will learn AI by mastering natural language processing, deep neural networks, predictive analytics, reinforcement learning, and more programming languages needed to shine in this field.

Why Should you take Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning with Tensor Flow Training?

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What you will Learn in this Course?

Introduction to Deep Learning and AI

What is Deep Learning?
Advantage of Deep Learning over Machine learning
Real-Life use cases of Deep Learning
Review of Machine Learning: Regression, Classification, Clustering, Reinforcement Learning, Underfitting and Overfitting, Optimization
Pre-requisites for AI & DL
Python Programming Language
Installation & IDE

Environment Set Up and Essentials

Installation
Python – NumPy
Python for Data Science and AI
Python Language Essentials
Python Libraries – Numpy and Pandas
Numpy for Mathematical Computing

More Prerequisites for Deep Learning and AI

Pandas for Data Analysis
Machine Learning Basic Concepts
Normalization
Data Set
Machine Learning Concepts
Regression
Logistic Regression
SVM – Support Vector Machines
Decision Trees
Python Libraries for Data Science and AI

Introduction to Neural Networks

Creating Module
Neural Network Equation
Sigmoid Function
Multi-layered perception
Weights, Biases
Activation Functions
Gradient Decent or Error function
Epoch, Forward & backword propagation
What is TensorFlow?
TensorFlow code-basics
Graph Visualization
Constants, Placeholders, Variables

Multi-layered Neural Networks

Error Back propagation issues
Drop outs

Regularization techniques in Deep Learning

Deep Learning Libraries

Tensorflow
Keras
OpenCV
SkImage
PIL

Building of Simple Neural Network from Scratch from Simple Equation

Training the model

Dual Equation Neural Network

TensorFlow
Predicting Algorithm

Introduction to Keras API

Define Keras
How to compose Models in Keras
Sequential Composition
Functional Composition
Predefined Neural Network Layers
What is Batch Normalization
Saving and loading a model with Keras
Customizing the Training Process
Using TensorBoard with Keras
Use-Case Implementation with Keras

GPU in Deep Learning

Introduction to GPUs and how they differ from CPUs
Importance of GPUs in training Deep Learning Networks
The GPU constituent with simpler core and concurrent hardware
Keras Model Saving and Reusing
Deploying Keras with TensorBoard

Keras Cat Vs Dog Modelling

Activation Functions in Neural Network

Optimization Techniques

Some Examples for Neural Network

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)

Introduction to CNNs
CNNs Application
Architecture of a CNN
Convolution and Pooling layers in a CNN
Understanding and Visualizing a CNN

RNN: Recurrent Neural Networks

Introduction to RNN Model
Application use cases of RNN
Modelling sequences
Training RNNs with Backpropagation
Long Short-Term memory (LSTM)
Recursive Neural Tensor Network Theory
Recurrent Neural Network Model

Application of Deep Learning in image recognition, NLP and more

Real world projects in recommender systems and others

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