An operator in SAS is a symbol which is used in a mathematical, logical or comparison expression. These symbols are in-built into the SAS language and many operators can be combined in a single expression to give a final output.

Below is a list of SAS category of operators.

Arithmetic Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Minimum/Maximum Operators
Concatenation Operator

We will look at each of the one by one. The operators are always used with variables that are part of the data that is being analyzed by the SAS program.

Arithmetic Operators

The below table describes the details of the arithmetic operators. Let’s assume two data variables V1 and V2with values 8 and 4 respectively.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	V1+V2=12
–	Subtraction	V1-V2=4
*	Multiplication	V1*V2=32
/	Division	V1/V2=2
**	Exponentiation	V1**V2=4096

Example

DATA MYDATA1;

input @1 COL1 4.2 @7 COL2 3.1;

Add_result = COL1+COL2;

Sub_result = COL1-COL2;

Mult_result = COL1*COL2;

Div_result = COL1/COL2;

Expo_result = COL1**COL2;

datalines;

11.21 5.3

3.11  11

;

PROC PRINT DATA = MYDATA1;

RUN;

On running the above code, we get the following output.

Logical Operators

The below table describes the details of the logical operators. These operators evaluate the Truth value of an expression. So the result of logical operators is always a 1 or a 0. Let’s assume two data variables V1 and V2with values 8 and 4 respectively.

Operator	Description	Example
&	The AND Operator. If both data values evaluate to true then the result is 1 else it is 0.	(V1>2 & V2 > 3) gives 0.
\|	The OR Operator. If any one of the data values evaluate to true then the result is 1 else it is 0.	(V1>9 & V2 > 3) is 1.
~	The NOT Operator. The result of NOT operator in form of an expression whose value is FALSE or a missing value is 1 else it is 0.	NOT(V1 > 3) is 1.

Example

DATA MYDATA1;

input @1 COL1 5.2 @7 COL2 4.1;

and_=(COL1 > 10 & COL2 > 5 );

or_ = (COL1 > 12 | COL2 > 15 );

not_ = ~( COL2 > 7 );

datalines;

11.21 5.3

3.11  11.4

;

PROC PRINT DATA = MYDATA1;

RUN;

On running the above code, we get the following output.

Comparison Operators

The below table describes the details of the comparison operators. These operators compare the values of the variables and the result is a truth value presented by 1 for TRUE and 0 for False. Let’s assume two data variables V1 and V2with values 8 and 4 respectively.

Operator	Description	Example
=	The EQUAL Operator. If both data values are equal then the result is 1 else it is 0.	(V1 = 8) gives 1.
^=	The NOT EQUAL Operator. If both data values are unequal then the result is 1 else it is 0.	(V1 ^= V2) gives 1.
<	The LESS THAN Operator.	(V2 < V2) gives 1.
<=	The LESS THAN or EQUAL TO Operator.	(V2 <= 4) gives 1.
>	The GREATER THAN Operator.	(V2 > V1) gives 1.
>=	The GREATER THAN or EQUAL TO Operator.	(V2 >= V1) gives 0.
IN	The IN Operator. If the value of the variable is equal to any one of the values in a given list of values, then it returns 1 else it returns 0.	V1 in (5,7,9,8) gives 1.

Example

DATA MYDATA1;

input @1 COL1 5.2 @7 COL2 4.1;

EQ_ = (COL1 = 11.21);

NEQ_= (COL1 ^= 11.21);

GT_ = (COL2 => 8);

LT_ = (COL2 <= 12);

IN_ = COL2 in( 6.2,5.3,12 );

datalines;

11.21 5.3

3.11  11.4

;

PROC PRINT DATA = MYDATA1;

RUN;

On running the above code, we get the following output.

Minimum/Maximum Operators

The below table describes the details of the Minimum/Maximum operators. These operators compare the values of the variables across a row and the minimum or maximum value from the list of values in the rows is returned.

Operator	Description	Example
MIN	The MIN Operator. It returns the minimum value form the list of values in the row.	MIN(45.2,11.6,15.41) gives 11.6
MAX	The MAX Operator. It returns the maximum value form the list of values in the row.	MAX(45.2,11.6,15.41) gives 45.2

Example

DATA MYDATA1;

input @1 COL1 5.2 @7 COL2 4.1 @12 COL3 6.3;

min_ = MIN(COL1 , COL2 , COL3);

max_ = MAX( COL1, COl2 , COL3);

datalines;

11.21 5.3 29.012

3.11  11.4 18.512

;

PROC PRINT DATA = MYDATA1;

RUN;

On running the above code, we get the following output.

Concatenation Operator

The below table describes the details of the Concatenation operator. This operator concatenates two or more string values. A single character value is returned.

Operator	Description	Example
\|\|	The concatenate Operator. It returns the concatenation of two or more values.	‘Hello’\|\|’ World’ gives Hello World

Example

DATA MYDATA1;

input  COL1 $         COL2 $  COL3 $;

concat_ = (COL1 || COL2 || COL3);

datalines;

Tutorial s point

simple easy learning

;

PROC PRINT DATA = MYDATA1;

RUN;

On running the above code, we get the following output.

Operators Precedence

The operator precedence indicates the order of evaluation of the multiple operators present in complex expression. The below table describes the order of precedence with in a group of operators.

Group	Order	Symbols
Group I	Right to Left	** + – NOT MIN MAX
Group II	Left to Right	* /
Group III	Left to Right	+ –
Group IV	Left to Right	\|\|
Group V	Left to Right	< <= = >= >

So, this brings us to the end of blog. This Tecklearn ‘SAS – Operators’ blog helps you with commonly asked questions if you are looking out for a job in SAS. If you wish to learn SAS and build a career in Data Analytics domain, then check out our interactive, SAS Training for SAS BASE Certification Training, that comes with 24*7 support to guide you throughout your learning period. Please find the link for course details:

https://www.tecklearn.com/course/sas-training-for-sas-base-certification/

SAS Training for SAS BASE Certification Training

About the Course

SAS Certification Training is intended to make you an expert in SAS programming and Analytics. You will be able to analyse and write SAS code for real problems, learn to use SAS to work with datasets, perform advanced statistical techniques to obtain optimized results with Advanced SAS programming. In this SAS online training course, you will also learn SAS macros, Machine Learning, PROC SQL, procedure, statistical analysis and decision trees. You will also work on real-life projects and prepare for the SAS Certified Base Programmer certification exam. Upon the completion of this SAS online training, you will have enough proficiency in reading spreadsheets, databases, using SAS functions for manipulating this data and debugging it.

Why Should you take SAS Training?

The average salary for a Business Intelligence Developer skilled in SAS is $100k (PayScale salary data)
SAS, Google, Facebook, Twitter, Netflix, Accenture & other MNCs worldwide are using SAS for their Data analysis activities and advance their existing systems.
SAS is a Leader in 2017 Gartner Magic Quadrant for Data Science Platform.

What you will Learn in this Course?

Introduction to SAS

Introduction to SAS
Installation of SAS
SAS windows
Working with data sets
Walk through of SAS windows like output, search, editor etc

SAS Enterprise Guide

How to read and subset the data sets
SET Statement
Infile and Infile Options
SAS Format -Format Vs Informat

SAS Operators and Functions

Using Variables
Defining and using KEEP and DROP statements
Output Statement
Retain Statement
SUM Statement

Advanced SAS Procedures

PROC Import
PROC Print
Data Step Vs Proc
Deep Dive into Proc

Customizing Datasets

SAS Arrays
Useful SAS Functions
PUT/INPUT Functions
Date/Time Functions
Numeric Functions
Character Functions

SAS Format and SAS Graphs

SAS Format statements
Understanding PROC GCHART, various graphs, bar charts: pie, bar

Sorting Techniques

NODUP
NODUKEY
NODUP Vs NODUKEY

Data Transformation Function

Character functions, numeric functions and converting variable type
Use functions in data transformation

Deep Dive into SAS Procedures, Functions and Statements

Find Function
Scan Function
MERGE Statement
BY Statement
Joins
Procedures Vs Function
Where Vs If
What is Missover
NMISS
CMISS

PROC SQL

SELECT statement
Sorting of Data
CASE expression
Other SELECT statement clauses
JOINS and UNIONS

Using SAS Macros

Benefits of SAS Macros
Macro Variables
Macro Code Constituents and Macro Step
Positional Parameters to Macros

Got a question for us? Please mention it in the comments section and we will get back to you.

677